FLOW CYTOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE PROTOZOAL CONTAMINATION OF DRINKING WATER IN TANTA, EGYPT | ||||
| Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology | ||||
| Article 17, Volume 51, Issue 1, April 2021, Page 127-138 PDF (1.2 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jesp.2021.165953 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| DALIA A. ELMEHY1; HOWAIDA I. H. ISMAIL1; AMIRA A. ALFATTAH1; KHOLOUD A. ELNOUBY1; SAHAR M. HAZZAA2; AYMAN A. EL-BADRY1 | ||||
| 1Department of Medical Parasitology | ||||
| 2Department of Clinical Pathology | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Protozoal water contamination is an alarming cause of countless waterborne outbreaks. The most eminent causal protozoa are Cryptosporidium and Giardia species (spp.) as they can endure aquatic environment even with chlorine disinfectants. The currently used traditional techniques cannot permit an easy detection of the waterborne protozoa concerning their count, viability, and pathogenicity. The present work detected protozoal contamination of the drinking water in Egypt with the determination of their load, viability and potential pathogenicity. Four techniques were compared including conventional staining techniques, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, flow cytometry (FC) and molecular study. Also, viability was assessed by conventional trypan blue stain and nucleic acid stain. Along a year, 64 water samples were collected and concentrated from water tanks and tap water of different districts, significant differences (P < 0.001) was between the different techniques in each season regarding the detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. Number of total positive samples was significantly higher in tank water than tap water (P < 0.001) especially at summer. Flow cytometry and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) proved to be much more sensitive than IF assay, and conventional staining techniques. Regarding viability, nucleic acid stain was more sensitive than trypan blue stain (P < 0.001). Also, C. parvum predominate other Cryptosporidium genotypes. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Immunofluorescence staining; Flow cytometry; water; nested PCR | ||||
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