دور الکاريکاتير في تشکيل اتجاهات الشباب الجامعي نحو تعزيز السِلْم المجتمعي ومکافحة التطرف- دراسة شبه تجريبية

¹- Bratic, Vladimir,” In search of peace media: Examining the role of media in peace developments of the post -Cold War conflict”, Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio University, 2005, p.98.

²- See the following:

-        Shaw , Ibrahim Seaga, Lynch, Jake, and  Hacket, Robert A ,“Expanding Peace Journalism: Comparative and Critical Approaches”, Sydney University Press, 2011.

-       De Fransius, Marianne Perez, “Peace journalism case study: US media coverage of the Iraq War”, Journalism, Vol. (15), No. (1), 2014, pp. 72–88.

4-Shafiq, H. (2020). "mhadadat waeya alshabab almisrii bimafhum khitab alkirahiat waistiratijiaatih biwasayil al'iielam alraqamiata", almajalat alearabiat libihawth al'iielam walaitisali, (29).

5- Rieger, Diana, “Dealing with the dark side: The effects of right-wing extremist and Islamist extremist propaganda from a social identity perspective”, Media, War & Conflict, 2020, Vol. (13), No. (3), 2020, pp. 280–299

⁶- Baugut, Philip and Neumann, Katharina, “How Right-Wing Extremists Use and Perceive News Media”, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. (96), No. (3). 2019, pp.696–720.

⁷- Sahani, Shradha, “Examining The Association Between Social Media and Violent Extremism: A Social Learning Approach”, Master Thesis, the University of Maryland, 2018.

⁸-Anderson, Leticia,” Countering Islamophobic media representations: The potential role of peace journalism”, Media and Communication, Vol. (11), no. (3) 2015, pp.255–270.

9-Hassan, M., Rifai, A. (2020). 'ahmad muhamad rafaei, "mealjat alkarikatir liqadiat sadi alnahdat fi alsuhuf almasriat: dirasat tahlilia ", majalat aldirasat al'iielamiati, 55(2), 1181- 1216.

^10- Kumar, Deepka, “Terrorcraft: empire and the making of the racialized terrorist threat”, Race & Class, Vol. (6), No. (2), 2020, pp.34–60

11- Al-Ruwaili, S. (2016). "dwr fan alkarikatir fi muajahat al'iirhab fi almujtamaeat almueasr", risalat majstayr ghyr manshurat, jamieat alyarmuk, kuliyat alfunun aljamilat.

^12- Gilbert, Christopher J., “An art of war: national character and the burden of caricature”, Doctoral Dissertation, Indiana University, 2015.

¹³- Abu Hamid, H. (2015). "mealjat fin alkarikatir fi alsahafat alfilastiniat lileudwan al'iisrayiylii ealaa ghazat eam 2014: dirasatan tahliliat mqarn", risalat majstyr ghyr manshurat, aljamieat al'iislamiat bighazat, kuliyat aladabi.

14- Al-Yamani, G. (2015). "altaathirat almaerifiat waltadhkuriat lilfiduyuhat alsuhufiat almusahibat lil'ahdath al'iirhabia", almajalat aleilmiat libihawth alsahaft, 2, 136.

^15- See the following:

-       Omar, S. (2017). "t'athir shakal walawn wahajm nusus al'akhbar fi aleamaliat al'iidrakiata", almajalat almisriat libihawth alraay aleami, almujalad 16(2).

-       Khattab, A. (2020).  "aistikhdam tatbiqat al'iielam alghamir fi albihwth alsuhufiat al'iiliktru watathiruha fi qira'at alqasas al'iikhbariat: dirasatan shbh tajribi" , majalat al'iielamiat , 55 (3) , 1463.

-       Deflur, Melivn L., “Mass Communication Theories, explaining origins, processes and effects”, Routledge, New York, 2010.

16-Entman, Robert M., How the Media Affect What People Think: An Information Processing Approach”, The Journal of Politics, Vol. (51), No. (2), 1989.

^17- Merchel, Paulette Poslti Bzny, “Gavriel Salomon's theory of perceptions of media and amount of invested mental effort in processing information: A high school application with implications for learning from television", Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University, 1995, p.43.

¹8-Neuman, S.,” Literacy in the television age: The myth of the TV effect”, Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1991, pp.62.