Ultrasonic Emulsification and Characterizations of Bio-based Nanoemulsion Formulations Containing Citral with Their Antimicrobial Activity | ||||
| Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control | ||||
| Article 16, Volume 9, Issue 3, December 2017, Page 169-182 PDF (703.39 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17038 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Gehan I. Kh. Marei1; Entsar I. Rabea1; Mohamed E. I. Badawy2 | ||||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545 El -Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Natural antimicrobial agents, particularly essential oils existing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, unique mechanisms of action and low tendency to induce resistance. However, their potential as a viable antimicrobial alternative greatly compromised due to their hydrophobic and volatile nature. The current study deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions and their potential antimicrobial activity against some plant pathogens. Nanoemulsion was prepared using citral as the oil phase, chitosan as a biopolymer carrier, tween 80 as a surfactant, and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a polyanioncrosslinker by ultrasonication method. The success of formulation was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Physical stability and viscosity were investigated in details. The antibacterial activity of formulations were evaluated against Erwinia carotovora using ELISA technique by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of DLS and SEM measurements showed that the nanoemulsions had a nearly polydispersity index(PDI) ranged from 0.508 to 0.614 and these values decrease when the concentration of the citral increase. Particle size analysis showed that the mean particle sizes of these formulations ranged from 27 to 1283 nm. Stability studies showed that the formulations were stable under centrifugation test at 5000 rpm for 30 min. Stability under different storage temperature showed that the five formulations were stable with no phase separation for the duration of 1 month at 25°C and 4°C. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil against E.carotovora was enhanced considerably when it was converted into a nanoemulsion, which was attributed to easier access of the essential oils to the bacterial cells. The highest antibacterial activity (MIC= 23 mg/L) was observed with the low concentration of citral, which had the lowest Particle size value (27 nm). | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Citral; Chitosan; Nanoemulsion; Ultrasonication; SEM; DLS; antimicrobial activity | ||||
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