A Typical Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in A Native Shepherd Dog in Duhok Province, Iraq

Hussein, Shivan N.; Shukur, Mohammed Sh.; Yassin, Mariam I.; Zangana, Ihsan K.

doi:10.21608/javs.2021.72493.1076

	A Typical Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in A Native Shepherd Dog in Duhok Province, Iraq
Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences
Article 1, Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2021, Page 1-6 PDF (697.58 K)
Document Type: Case Study
DOI: 10.21608/javs.2021.72493.1076
View on SCiNiTO
Authors
Shivan N. Hussein ¹; Mohammed Sh. Shukur¹; Mariam I. Yassin¹; Ihsan K. Zangana²
¹Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok. Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
²Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok. Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abstract
A typical case of a 7-years-old Kurdish male shepherd dog was referred with two weeks history of lethargy, restlessness, anorexia and severe emaciation. Physical examination of the dog revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, strong pale mucous membrane, systolic murmur of the heart, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and fever. Hematological abnormalities indicated moderate to marked leukocytosis characterized by 89% neutrophilia with a left shift to progranulocytes and 1.6% presumptive myeloid blasts, marked thrombocytopenia, marked non-regenerative normocytic hypochromic anemia and dysplasia in platelets and neutrophils. The histopathological examination revealed excessive infiltration with neoplastic myeloid cells that invaded all the internal organs. Bone marrow analysis revealed marked hypercellularity with a predominance of immature cells, marked myeloid 6.2%, dysplasia of neutrophils lineage and rare erythroid progenitors and numerous megakaryocytes. Enlargement of superficial and visceral lymph nodes and internal body organs, especially liver and spleen were observed in the autopsy after animal euthanasia. Our results confirmed that this dog was suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean value of myeloid blasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow. But, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the mean values of leukocytic ratio in peripheral circulation and bone marrow. This is the first case report study that has been recorded in a native shepherd dog in a rural area around Duhok province/ Iraq.
Keywords
Bone marrow; Dog; Hematological disorder; Leukocytosis; Neoplasm


References
BANCROFT, J., STEVENS, A., 2020. Theory and practice of histological techniques/ edited by John D. Bancroft, Alan Stevens. SERBIULA (sistema Librum 2.0):127-129. BREEN, M., & MODIANO, J., 2008. Evolutionarily conserved cytogenetic changes in hematological malignancies of dogs and humans and his best friend share more than companionship. Chromosome Research,16:145-54. DOI: 10.1007/s10577-007-1212-4. CAIRES, C.E.T., CAMPOS, C.B., CARNEIRO, R.A., LAVALLE, G.E., MACHADO, F.N., PAES, P.R.O., VERSIANE, C.P., 2009. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Case Report and Treatment Proposal. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil. CORTES, J.E., KANTARJIAN, H., SHAH, N.P., 2012. Ponatinib in refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(22):20. 75-88. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205127. CHRISTINA, L.M., JIMMY, N. S. N., TRAN, T. S., 2017. Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a German Shepherd Dog. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 29(3):338-345. Doi: 10.1177/1040638716689581. HEE-MYUNG, P., DOSTER, A., TASHBAEVA, R., LEE, Y.M., LYOO, Y., LEE, S.J., KIM, H.J., SUR, J., 2006. Clinical, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in a Case of Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 18(3):287-91. DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800311. HISASUE, M., OKAYAMA, H., OKAYAMA, T., SUZUKI, T., MIZUNO, T., FUJINO, Y., NAGANOBU, K., HASEGAWA, A., WATARI, T., MATSUKI, N., MASUDA, K., OHNO, K., TSUJIMOTO, H., 2001. Hematologic Abnormalities and Outcome of 16 Cats with Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, (15):471-477. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676. 2001.tb01577. x. HOLSCHER, M., COLLINS, R., GLICK, A., GRIFFITH, B., 1978. Megakaryocytic Leukemia in a Dog. Veterinary pathology. 15. 562-5. DOI: 10.1177/030098587801500416. JI-YUN, L., EUN-SIL, H., BYEONG-TECK, K., DONG-IN, J., CHU, P., HEE-MYUNG P., 2005. A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a Maltese dog. Korean Journal of Veterinary Research, 45(2):251-254. https://doi.org/10.5326/0380135. JOINER, G., FRASER, C., JARDIN, J., TRUJILLO, J., 1976. A case of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia in a Dog. Canadian Journal of comparative medicine, 40(2):153-60. LEIFER, C., MATUS, R., PATNAIK, A., MACEWEN, E., 1983. Chronic myelogenous leukemia in the dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 183:686-9. MEYER, D.J., HARVEY, J.W., 2004. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. Interpretation and diagnosis 3^ed Ed, Saunders, Elsevier Inc., USA. ORAZI, A., GERMING, U., 2008. The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: Myeloproliferative diseases with dysplastic features. Leukemia, 22(7):1308-19. DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.119. THRALL, M.A., WEISER, G., ALLISON, R.W., CAMPBELL, T.W., 2012. Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Myeloid Neoplasms in Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed, John Wiley & Sons, USA. pp175-176. VALLI, V., 2008. Veterinary Comparative Hematopathology, John Wiley & Sons. WILEY, J., WHITTINGTON, J., WILMES, C. H., MESSICK, J., 2009. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). Journal of avian medicine and surgery. 23:36-43. DOI: 10.1647/2007-030R.1.
Statistics Article View: 904 PDF Download: 670