INFLUENCE OF PHYTASE ENZYME ADDITON TO JAPANESE QUAIL RATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS.

INFLUENCE OF PHYTASE ENZYME ADDITON TO JAPANESE QUAIL RATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS.

SAKR, O.A^*; EL-KEREDY, M.S.  ABEER., ^** and SABREEN E. FADL^***.

^* Department of biochemistry, nutritional deficiency disease and toxicology Animal Health Research Institute kafr el sheikh

^** Department of biochemistry, nutritional deficiency disease and toxicology Animal Health Research Institute kafr el sheik

^*** Biochemistry department, Animal Health Research Institute–kafrelshikh.

Email: osamaatia119@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION

Plant origin feedstuffs such as corn and soybean meal represent the major portion of diets for poultry the availability of phosphorus in plant origin feedstuffs is about 30 to 40% (NRC, 1994). This low availability is generally attributed to the existence of about 70% of phosphorus in cereals in the form of phytate (Punna and Roland, 1999). Phytase is the only recognized enzyme that can initiate the release of phosphate from phytin (International Union of Biochemistry, 1979). Theaddition of the enzyme phytase to grains and feeds was an effective way to increase phosphorus availability to poultry (Nelson   et al., 1968) Microbial phytase has a positive influence on the utilization of nutrients other than phosphorus, such as amino acids (Yi et al., 1996; Namkung and Leeson, 1999; Ravindran et al., 1999). The phytase supplementation improved productive performance(Aggoor et al., 2006) it may be possible to reduce supplemental level of inorganic phosphorus with phytase supplementation for quail diets without adverse effect on performance and tibia ash (Ismail  et al., 2006) Phytase supplementation increased the availability of phosphorus and subsequently increased body weight and bone mineralization that leads to increasing the bone rigidity in Japanese quail chicks fed low available phosphorus diets. (Osman et al., 2009) Supplementation of phytase to the low- available phosphorus diet improved feed conversion rate, body weight gain (Lan GanQiu et al., 2012)Plasma total protein and globulin were significantly increased due to phytase supplementation (Attia       et al., 2011) Phytase supplementation increased plasma Ca level(Ghahri et al., 2012) phytase improved breast and total meat percentages (p<0.01, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively) These findings suggesting that increased muscle mass is partially responsible for the observed increased in body weight on use of enzyme preparation,Serum total protein, calcium and phosphorus were improved as a result of enzyme supplementation(Abudabos 2012) when the broiler feed is supplemented with phytase and amino acids it is possible to reduce the crud protein, availability phosphorus and Calcium(Gomide et al., 2012)microbial phytase could modify some serum enzyme activities and increase the availability and use of minerals for growth and performance improvement of broilers. It is therefore necessary to re-evaluate mineral requirements of broiler chickens when a diet is supplemented with phytase.(Nourmohammadi      et al., 2011) substitution of costly grains by 200 g/kg cheaper parboiled rice polish with phytase might reduce the feed cost without affecting feed intake, live weight and meat yield of quails(Sarkar et al., 2011). Byproduct of phytase production can be applicable as chicken feed without giving detrimental effects(Mu KhinSan et al., 2011) therefore the present study was perfomed to investigate the effect of phytase enzyme on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some biochemical parameters of Japanese quail fed on low phosphorus diet.

MATRIALS and METHODS

2.1. Experimental Birds:

A total of 160 healthy Japanese quail 18 day old were used in this experiment. They were obtained from the General Egypt Poultry Organization. They were divided into 5 equal groups: each group subdivided into 2 subgroup. One of them contain 16 males while the other contain 16 females. Males and females of each treatment have the same group number but housed separately.

Each compartment was bedded by fresh clean wood shave forming a deep litter of 4cm depth and changed every week. Each compartment was provided with continuous lightening program, suitable feeder and water supply.

Prophylactic antibiotics program measures against the most common infectious bacterial and Newcastle diseases were carried out.

2.2. Experimental feeding program:

The present feeding trial was lasted 4 weeks. The diets were formulated according to N.R.C. (1994) for Japanese quail (table 1) and the applied experimental feeding design according L-carnitine level(table 2). Small amounts of the basal diet were first mixed with the respective amounts of phytase as a small batch and then with a larger amount of the basal diets until the total amounts of the respective diets were homogeneously mixed.

Table 1: Physical and chemical composition of the experimental diets.

** The used premix (Multivita Co.) composed of vitamin A 12000000 IU, vitamin D₃ 2200000 IU, vitamin E 10000 mg, vitamin K₃ 2000 mg, vitamin B₁ 1000 mg, vitamin B₂ 5000 mg, vitamin B₆ 1500 mg, vitamin B₁₂ 10 mg, Niacin 30000 mg, Biotin 50 mg, Folic acid 1000 mg, Pantothenic acid 10000 mg, Iron 30000 mg, Manganese 60000 mg, Copper 4000 mg, Zinc 50000 mg, Iodine 1000 mg, Cobalt 100 mg, Selenium 100 mg, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) carrier to 3000g .

Table 2: The applied experimental design during the experimental period in both sexes.

This design used in both sexes at the same arrangement for each treatment.

2.3 Experimental Parameters:

2.3.1 Growth performance measurements: Body weight measured according to (Vohra and Roudybush, 1971). Relative growth rate according toBrody (1968). Feed conversion ratio according to(Lambert et al., 1936). And body weight gain. Body weight gain was calculated by the difference between two successive weeks or periods weights.

2.3.2. Dressing percentage, Total edible carcass %: At the end of growing period (45days), 10 birds were taken randomly from each group(5males and 5 females) weighed and slaughtered to complete bleeding and weighed to determine Abdominal fat,  breast muscle, leg muscle, organs weight and their relative weights to body weight. And also to determinebiochemical parameters.

2.3.3. Serum total protein was determined according to Duomas et al. (1981), Serum albumin was determined according to Reinhold (1953), Serum globulin was calculated by substract the total serum albumin from total serum protein according to (Coles, 1974). Albumin/ globulin ratio was determined by devision of serum albumin value on serum globulin value according to (Saffinaz, 2001). Calcium and phosphorus measured by flame photometer according to Fuhrman and Crismon, (1951).

2.4 Statistical analysis:

The obtained numerical data were statistically analyzed using S.P.S.S., (1997) for one-way analysis of variance. When F- test was significant, least significant difference was calculated according to Duncan (1955).

RESULTS

3.1. Growth Performance:

Table 3: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on growth performance of male during experimental period (45days):

Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05).

Table 4: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on growth performance of female during experimental period (45days):

Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05).

3.2. Carcass Characteristics:

Table 5: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on Carcass traits percentage of male at the end of experimental period (45days):

Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05)

Table 6: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on Carcass traits percentage of female at the end of experimental period (45days):

 Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05).

3.3. biochemicl parameters:

Table 7: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on biochemicl parameteres of male at the end of experimental period (45days):

Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05).

Table 8: Influence of phytase Enzyme level dietry supplementation on biochemicl parameteres of female at the end of experimental period

Values are expressed as mean ± standard errors. Means in the same row had different letters significantly differ at (p<0.05).

The analysis of variance of obtained data of growth performance presented in tables (3&4) showed that body weight gain of the low phosphorus groups without phytase was significantly lowered relative to other groups in both males and females, while feed conversion ratio of the adequate phosphorus groups or of the low phosphorus one supplemented with phytasesignificantly better than group fed on diet low- available phosphorus without phytase.

The statical analysis of the obtained data regarding carcass traits percentage illustrated in tables (5&6) demonstrated that dressing percentage of male groups increased significantly in groups supplemented with phytase compared with the negative control, while breast and leg muscle improved significantly with phytase supplemented diet (600 & 900 phytase enzyme unit FTU/Kg) when compared with both the negative and positive control. However dressing percentage of female groups increased significantly in birds fed on diet supplemented with600 and 900 phytase enzyme unit FTU/Kg when compared with both the negative and positive control and female group fed on diet supplemented with900phytase enzyme unit FTU/Kg improved significantly when compared also with both the negative and positive control.

The data concerning biochemicl parameteres represented in tables (7&8) revealed that no significant differences in serum total Protein, albumin, globulin Albumin/globulin ratio Calcium and phosphorus in both male and female groups except Serum globulin significantly increased in males fed low phosphorus diet supplemented with 900 phytase relative to other male groups, and Serum phosphorus of females fedlow phosphorus diet supplemented with 900 phytase showed significant higher relative to other female groups.

DISCUSSION

This results concerning growth performance are in agreement with those obtained by Shaw et al. (2011) who found a reducing dietary non-phytate phosphorus requires phytase supplementation to obtain normal growth performance. The present results are in accordance with Motawe et al. (2012) who added phytase500 U phytase/Kg to the basal diet and he found a significant improved body weight gain and. feed conversion ratio. In contrast to our results Rekhate et al. (2011)supplemented of Ayuphytase with reduced dicalcium phosphate level at 50 and 65% and he found the supplementation could not effective to achieve performance of broilers in terms of gain in weight.

These results agreed with the findings reported byAbou-Ashour et al. (2011) who foundthat thedressing percentage was significantly increased with phytase  dietry supplementation compared to the negative control (low available phosphorus). The obtained data confirmed by Jadhav et al. (2011) who supplemented chicken Phytase at a level 500 FTU/kg and he found that the chicken fed this diet recorded significant higher dressing yield. The results supported also by Abudabos (2012) who mentioned anenzyme supplementation (phytase) significantly improved breast and total meat percentages. The obtained results were disagree with those obtained by (Rekhate et al., 2011) who found that a supplementation of Ayuphytase with reduced dicalcium phosphate level at 50 and 65% could not be effective to achieve performance of broilers in terms carcass.

The findings of biochemicl parameteres incase of male similar to those obtained Attia et al. (2011)Plasma globulin significantly increased due to phytase supplementation. While the data of female similar to those obtainedbyAbou-Ashour et al. (2011) who demonstrated that Plasma phosphorus were increased at 6000 and 12000 U phytase/kg diet. The findings supported by those obtained by Ghahri et al. (2012) who found that the Serum total protein, calcium and phosphorus were improved as a result of phytase supplementation.

CONCLUSION

It could be concluded that supplementation of phytase Enzyme could be effective to achieve performance of Japanese quail fed on reduced level of available phosphorus at 2/3 of recommended level (N.R.C1994) and showed better results in some parameters than the Japanese quail fed on adequate phosphorus diet.

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