Pathological Impact of Johne’s Disease in Cattle: A Review Article | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 6, Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2021, Page 38-47 PDF (1.45 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2021.76316.1080 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
S.A. Radam  1; I.B. Falih1; S.L. Hassan Hassan1; H.B. AL-Sabaawy2
| ||||
| 1Department of pathology and poultry disease, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq. | ||||
| 2Department of pathology and poultry disease, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mousl, Iraq. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Johne’s disease is an international healthiness problem affecting ruminants. It is caused by Myobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has serious production-limiting important and also caused significant cost-effective loss in flocks due to direct impact on delayed/reduced breeding, infertility, culling, mortality, and milk reduction. This disease is problematic to diagnose because of elongated incubation times. Proof of identity this disease subclinical can shed the organism as a source of infection for other herds; so, it is critical for control. The present study deals with the morphological (grossly, histopathologically and histochemically) characterization of the disease in cattle. The corpse appears hidebound with sunken eyes and with persistent and non- responsive diarrhea. The necropsy of visceral showed gelatinization and outlying fat. Grossly chiefly pathological alterations in digestive tract such as severe congested of small intestine with marked thickening of its wall a combined with enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes and gallbladder appear distension with severe thickening walls and blood mixed with bile. Histopathological examinations revealed severe infiltrations of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and epithelioid cells with multiple langhans giant cells in bowel layers and mesenteric lymph nodes with diffuse lepromatous reaction were observed in these lymph nodes and other organs like liver, tonsils and kidney. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Cattle; Giant cells; Granuloma; Johne’s disease; Paratuberculosis | ||||
| References | ||||
|
AHLSTROM C, BARKEMA HW, STEVENSON K, ZADOKS R, BIEK R, KAO R, TREWBY H, HENDRICK S, HAUPSTEIN D, KELTON D, FECTEAU G, LABRECQUE O, MCKENNA S, KEEFE G. AND DEBUCK J., 2014. Phylogenomic analyses elucidate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis diversity at a global, national and provincial scale. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis: 22–26 June 2014. International Association for Paratuberculosis, Parma, p 226.
ALMEIDA S, DORNELES E.M.S, DINIZ C AND ABREU, V., 2017. Quadruplex PCR assay for identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuber-culosis differentiating biovar Ovis and Equi. BMC Veterinary Research, 13:290.
ALONSO-HEARN M, PATEL D, DANELISHVILI L, MEUNIER-GODDIK L. AND BERMUDEZ LE., 2008. The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis MAP3464 gene encodes an oxidoreductase involved in invasion of bovine epithelial cells through the activation of host cell Cdc42. Infect Immun 76:170–8. doi:10.1128/ IAI.01913-06.
ASHWANI TIWARI, JOHN A, VANLEEU WEN SHAWN, L.B., MCKENNA GREG P., KEEFE AND HERMAN W., BARKEMA CAN. AND VET J., 2006. Johne’s disease in Canada: Part I: Clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prevalence in dairy herds, Sep; 47 (9): 874–882.
BANNANTINE JP, BERMUDEZ LE, NO HOLES BARRED., 2013. invasion of the intestinal mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Infect Immun 81:3960–5. doi:10.1128/IAI.00575-13.
BASTIDA F. AND JUSTE RA., 2011. Paratuberculosis control: a review with a focus on vaccination. J Immune Based There Vacines.; 8:9.
BERGHAUS RD, FARVER TB, ANDERSON RJ, JARAVATA CC. AND GARDNER IA., 2006. Environmental sampling for detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis on large California dairies. J Dairy Sci.;89 (3):963–70.
BERMUDEZ LE, PETROFSKY M, SOMMER S, BARLETTA RG., 2010. Peyer’s patch-deficient mice demonstrate that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis translocates across the mucosal barrier via both M cells and enterocytes but has inefficient dissemination. Infect Immun 78:3570–7. doi:10.1128/ IAI.01411-09.
CAMANES G, JOLY A, FOURICHON C, BEN ROMDHANE R. AND EZANNO P., 2018. Control measures to prevent the increase of paratuberculosis prevalence in dairy cattle herds: an individual-based modelling approach. Vet Res.;49(1):60.
COELHO A, PINTO M, MIRANDA A, COELHO A, PIRES M. AND MATOS M., 2010. Comparative evaluation of PCR in Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears and PCR in tissues for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.;48:948–50
COUSSENS PM, PUDRITH CB, SKOVGAARD K, REN X, SUCHYTA SP. AND STABEL JR., 2005. Johne’s disease in cattle is associated with enhanced expression of genes encoding IL-5, GATA-3, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and factors promoting apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 105:221–34. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.02.009.
COUSSENS, PM.; SIPKOVSKY, S.; MURPHY, B.; ROUSSEY, J. AND COLVIN, CJ., 2012. Regulatory T cells in cattle and their potential role in bovine paratuberculosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 35:233–9. doi:10.1016/j.cimid. 01.004.
DEL-POZO J, GIRLING S, MCLUCKIE J, ABBONDATI E AND STEVENSON K., 2013. An unusual presentation of Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). J. Comp. Pathol. 149:126-131.
DHAND NK, EPPLESTON J, WHITTINGTON RJ. AND WINDSOR PA., 2016. Changes in prevalence of ovine paratuberculosis following vaccination with Gudair(R): Results of a longitudinal study conducted over a decade. Vaccine.; 34(42): 5107-13.
DOMINGO M, ENRIC VIDAL AND MARCO A., 2014. Pathology of bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci. 2014 Oct; 97 Suppl:S20-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.017.
DONAT K, HAHN N, EISENBERG T, SCHLEZ K, KÖHLER H, WOLTER W, ROHDE M, PÜTZSCHEL R, RÖSLER U. AND FAILING K., 2016. Within-herd prevalence thresholds for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-positive dairy herds using boot swabs and liquid manure samples. Epidemiol Inf.;144(2):413-24.
DONAT, K., 2017. The Thuringian bovine paratuberculosis control programme - results and experiences. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2017;130 (1–2):42–9.
DORE E, PARE J, COTE G, BUCZINSKI S, LABRECQUE O, ROY JP. AND FECTEAU G., 2012. Risk factors associated with transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to calves within dairy herd: a systematic review. J. Vet. Intern. Med.; 26 (1):32–45.
EL CHAMY L, LECLERC V, CALDELARI I, REICHHART J.M., 2008. Sensing of ‘danger sig-nals’ and pathogen-associated molecular patterns defines binary signaling pathways ‘upstream’ of toll. Nat Immunol 9:1165–70. doi:10.1038/ ni.1643.
ELZO M, RAE D, LANHART S, HEMBRY F, WASDIN J. AND DRIVER J., 2009. Association between cow reproduction and calf growth traits and ELISA scores for paratuberculosis in amulti breed herd of beef cattle. Tropi Anim Health Prod.; 41(6):851-8.
EPPLESTON J, BEGG DJ, DHAND N, WATT B. AND WHITTINGTON RJ., 2014. Environmental survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in different climatic zones of Eastern Australia. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:2337–2342.
EPPLESTON J, BEGG DJ, DHAND N, WATT B. AND WHITTINGTON RJ., 2014. Environmental survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in different climatic zones of Eastern Australia. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:2337–2342.
EVERMAN JL, ECKSTEIN TM, ROUSSEY J, COUSSENS P, BANNANTINE JP. AND BERMUDEZ LE., 2015. Characterization of the inflammatory phenotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a novel cell culture passage model. Microbiology 161:1420–34. doi:10.1099/mic. 0.000106.
FERROUILLET C, WELLS SJ, HARTMANN WL, GODDEN SM. AND CARRIER J., 2009. Decrease of Johne’s disease prevalence and incidence in six Minnesota, USA, dairy cattle herds on a long-term management program.prevVet Med.;88(2):128-37.
FRIDRIKSDOTTIR V, GUNNARSSON E, SIGURDARSON S. AND GUDMUNDSDOTTIR K.B., 2000. Paratuberculosis in Iceland: epidemiology and control measures, past and present, Veterinary Microbiology 77 263±267.
GARCIA-ISPIERTO I. AND LOPEZ-GATIUS, F., 2016. Early foetal loss correlates positively with seroconversion against Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in high-producing dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim.;51(2):227–31.
GONZALEZ J, GEIJO M V, GARCIA-PARIENTE C, VERNA A, CORPA J M, REYES, L E, FERRERAS MC, JUSTE R A, GARCIA MARIN J F. AND PEREZ V., 2005. Histopathological Classification of Lesions Associated with Natural Paratuberculosis Infection in Cattle, Journal of Comparative Pathology,Vol. 133, pp. 184-196
GONZALEZ J. AND PEREZ V., 2005. Histopathological Classification of Lesions associated with Natural Paratuberculosis Infection in Cattle.Vol.133, Issues2-3, page184-196.
GOVARDHAN RATHNAIAH, DENISE K. ZINNIEL, JOHN P. BANNANTINE, JUDITH R. STABEL, YRJÖ T. GRÖHN, MICHAEL T. COLLINS, RAÚL G. AND BARLETTA., 2017. Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, and Genomics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the Etiologic Agent of Johne’s Disease, Front Vet Sci.; 4: 187.
GREWAL SK , RAJEEV S, SREEVATSAN S, MICHEL JR FC., 2006. Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing and liquid storage of dairy manure. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:565–74.
GROENENDAAL H. AND ZAGMUTT FJ., 2008. Scenario analysis of changes in consumption of dairy products caused by a hypothetical causal link between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Cohn’s disease. J Dairy Sci.;91(8):3245-58.
GULLIVER E L, PLAIN K M, BEGG D J. AND WHITTINGTON R J., 2015. Histopathological Characterization of Cutaneous Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and Correlations with Intestinal Pathology and Systemic Immune Responses in Sheep with Paratuberculosis”, Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol. 153, pp. 67-80.
KALIS CHJ, COLLINS MT, HESSELINK JW. AND BARKEMA HW., 2003. Specificity of two tests for the early diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis based on cell-mediated immunity: the Johnin skin test and the gamma interferon assay. Vet Microbiol.;97(1):73–86.
KIRKEBY C, GRAESBOLL K, NIELSEN SS, TOFT, N. AND HALASA T., 2017. Epidemiological and economic consequences of purchasing livestock infected with Mycobacterium ovium subsp paratuberculosis.BMC Vet Res.;13(1)202.
KONBOON M, BANI-YAGHOUB M, PITHUA PO, RHEE N. AND ALY SS., 2018. A nested compartmental model to assess the efficacy of paratuberculosis control measures on US dairy farms. PLoS One.;13(10).
KAREN STEVENSON, 2015. Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis and the influence of strain type on infection and pathogenesis: a review Veterinary Researchvolume 46,Article number :64.
KOUL A, HERGET T, KLEBL B. AND ULLRICH A., 2004. Interplay Between Mycobacteria and Host Signaling Pathways”,Nature Review, Vol. 2, pp. 189-202.
KUDAHL AB. AND NIELSEN SS., 2009. Effect of paratuberculosis on slaughter weight and slaughter value of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci.;92(9):4340–6.
LAMONT EA, BANNANTINE JP, ARMIÉN A, ARIYAKUMAR DS. AND SREEVATSAN S., 2012. Dentification and characterization of a spore-like morphotype in chronically starved Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cultures. PLoS One 7:e30648.
LAMONT EA, O’GRADY SM, DAVIS WC, ECKSTEIN T. AND SREEVATSAN S., 2012. Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis results in rapid interleukin-1beta release and macrophage transepithelial migration. Infect Immun 80:3225–35. doi:10.1128/IAI.06322-11.
LEFRANCOIS LH, PUJOL C, BODIER CC, TEIXEIRA-GOMEZ AP, DROBECQ H. AND ROSSO ML., 2011. Characterization of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis laminin-binding/histone-like protein (Lbp/Hlp) which reacts with sera from patients with Crohn’s disease. Microbes Infect 13:585–94. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.02.002.
LI RW, LI C. AND GASBARRE LC., 2011. The vitamin D receptor and inducible nitric oxide synthase associated pathways in acquired resistance to Cooperia oncophora infection in cattle. Vet Res 42:48. doi:10.1186/1297-9716- 42-48 47. Khalifeh MS, Al-Majali AM, Stabel JR. Role of nitric oxide production in dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2009) 131:97–104. doi:10.1016/j. vetimm.2009.03.020
LUGTON, I., 1999. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues as sites for uptake, carriage and excretion of tubercle bacilli and other pathogenic mycobacteria. Immunol Cell Biol 77:364–72. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1711.1999.00836.x.
MCALOON CG, WHYTE P, MORE SJ, GREEN MJ, O'GRADY L, GARCIA A. AND DOHERTY ML., 2016. The effect of paratuberculosis on milk yield-- A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci.99(2):1449-60.
MCALOON CG, WHYTE P, MORE SJ, GREEN MJ, O'GRADY L, GARCIA A. AND DOHERTY ML. 2016. The effect of paratuberculosis on milk yield - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci.;99 (2):1449–60.
NADINE A. EL-SEBAY, MARWAH M. MOHAMED, ELHAM F. EL-SERGANY, ASHRAF M. ABBAS, ROUKAYA M. OSMAN, AND DALIA A. M. ABD EL-MOATY, 2021. Genetic Characterization of Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis Isolates in Egypt. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 6 (2): 15 – 21.
NASR, E.A; SALEEB, O.R.; ABDEL RAHMAN, M.; SHEREEN, A. M.; AND MARWAH, M., 2019. Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Different Cattle Breeds In Dairy Farm In Egypt. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 4(2): 45-51. DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/javs.2019.62656
NIELSEN S.S, BIERRE H. AND TOFT N., 2008. Colostrumand milk as risk factors lor infection withMycobacterium avium subsp' paratuberculosrsin dairy callle Journat of Dairy Science 91'461 0-461 5.
PEREZ V, GARCIA MARIN JF. AND BADIOLA JJ., 1996. Description and classification of different types of lesion associated with natural paratuberculosis infection in sheep. J Comp Pathol; 114: 107-122.
ROY GL, DE BJ, WOLF R, MORTIER RA, ORSEL K. AND BARKEMA HW. 2017. Experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis resulting in decreased body weight in Holstein-Friesian calves. Can Vet J.;58(3):296–8.
SANTMAN-BERENDS IMGA, DE BONT-SMOLENAARS AJG, ROOS L, VELTHUIS AGJ. AND VAN SG., 2018 Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves. Prev Vet Med.;157:86–93.
SECOTT TE, LIN TL. AND WU CC., 2002. Fibronectin attachment protein is necessary for efficient attachment and invasion of epithelial cells by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Infect Immun 70:2670–5. doi:10.1128/ IAI.70.5.2670-2675.
SERRANO M, ELGUEZABAL N, SEVILLA IA, GEIJO MV, MOLINA E, ARRAZURIA R, URKITZA A, JONES GJ, VORDERMEIER M. AND GARRIDO JM., 2017. Tuberculosis detection in paratuberculosis vaccinated calves: new alternatives against interference. PLoS One.;12(1):e0169735.
SLANA I, PAOLICCHI F. AND JANSTOVA B., 2008. Detection methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in milk and milk products: a review. Vet Med-Czech 53:283–306.
SMITH RL, AL-MAMUN MA. AND GROHN YT., 2017. Economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle: a stochastic modeling study. Prev Vet Med.;138:17–27.
STABEL, JR., 2000. Transitions in immune responses to Mycobacterium paratu-berculosis. Vet Microbiol 77:465–73. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(00) 00331-X.
STEVENSON K, HUGHES VM, DE JUAN L, INGLIS NF, WRIGHT F. AND SHARP JM., 2002. Molecular characterization of pigmented and non-pigmented isolates of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 40:1798–1804.
SWEENEY R.W, WHITLOCK R'H', ROSENBERGER' N.I. (RSGZO) 1992b. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from milk and supramammary lymph nodes oJ infected asymptomatic cattle' Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30, 1 66-171.
SWEENEY, RW. 2011. Pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. Vet Clin Food Anim 27:537–46.
SWEENEY, R W., 2011. Pathogenesis of Paratuberculosis”, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food and Animal Practice,Vol. 27, pp. 537-546.
TEJEDOR JUNCO M.T., LUPIOLA P, SCHULZ U AND GUTIERREZ C., 2008. Isolation of nitrate reductase positive Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from dromedary camels. Trop Anim Health Prod., 40:165–7.
TOOKER BC, BURTON JL. AND COUSSENS PM., 2002. Survival tactics of M. paratuberculosis in bovine macrophage cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 87:429–37. doi:10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00065-X.
WADDELL L, RAJIC A, STARK K. AND MCEWEN SA., 2016. Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuber-culosis detection in animals, food, water and other sources or vehicles of human exposure: a scoping review of the existing evidence. Prev Vet Med.;132:32–48.
WADDELL LA, RAJIĆ A, STÄRK KDC. AND MCEWEN SA., 2016. The potential public health impact of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis: global opinion survey of topic specialists. Zoo Pub Health. ;63(3):212–22.
WEBB WARE JK, LARSEN JWA. AND KLUVER P., 2012. Financial effect of bovine Johne’s disease in beef cattle herds in Australia. Aust Vet J.;90(4):116–21.
WEBB WARE, JK, LARSEN JWA, KLUVER, P., 2012. Financial effect of bovine Johne’s disease in beef cattle herds in Australia. Aust Vet J.;90(4):116–21.
WEBER M, AALBERTS M, DIJKSTRA T. AND DE ROO A., 2018. Results of milk quality assurance programme for paratuberculosis in Dutch dairy herds indicate reduced transmission of the infection. Bull Int Dairy Fed.;493:23–34.
WEBER MF, VERHOEFF J, VAN SCHAIK G. AND VAN MAANEN C. 2009. Evaluation of Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smear and ELISA as tools for surveillance of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle in the Netherlands. Prev Vet Med.;92(3):256–66.
WEISS D J. AND SOUZA C D., 2008. Review Paper: Modulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function by Mycobacterium avium subsp.Paratuberculosis”, Veterinary Pathology, Vol. 45, pp. 829-841.
WEISS DJ, EVANSON OA, MCCLENAHAN DJ, ABRAHAMSEN MS. ANDWALCHECK BK., 2001. Regulation of expression of major histocompatibility antigens by bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Infect Immun 69:1002–8. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.2.1002-1008.
WHITLOCK R, ROSENBERGER A. AND SWEENEY R., 1996. Distribution of M paratuberculosis in tissues of cattle form herds infected with Johne’s disease. In: Chiodini R, Hines M, Collins M, editors. Proceedings of the 5th international colloquium on Paratuberculosis, Maddison, USA 29 September - 4 October. Rehoboth: International Association for Paratuberculosis;. p. 168–74.
WHITTINGTON R. AND WINDSOR P., 2009. In utero infection of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review and meta-analysis. Vet J.;179(1):60–9.
WHITTINGTON R.J, TARAGEL C.A, MARSH I, OTTAWAY S, SEAMAN J. AND FRIDRIKSDOTTIR V., 2001. Molecular epidemiological confirmation and circumstances of occurrence of sheep (S) strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cases of paratuberculosis in cattle in Australia and sheep and cattle in IcelandVeterinary Microbiology, Volume 79, Issue 4, 19 April, Pages 311-322
WINDSOR PA. AND WHITTINGTON RJ. 2010., Evidence for age susceptibility of cattle to Johne’s disease. Vet J 184:37–44. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.01.007.
WINDSOR, PA., 2014. Managing control programs for ovine caseous lymphadenitis and paratuberculosis in Australia, and the need for persistent vaccination. Vet Med Res Rep.;5:11–22.
YERUHAM I, FRIEDMAN S, SAMUEL PERL AND DANIEL ELAD., 2003. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli dairy cattle, 131(2):947-55.
ZHAO B, COLLINS MT. AND CZUPRYNSKI C.J., 1997. Effects of gamma interferon and nitric oxide on the interaction of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with bovine monocytes. Infect Immun 65:1761–6. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 434 PDF Download: 677 |
||||
