EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL
FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF
SORGHUM UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS
Salwa A.A. Hassanen(1) and H. H. Abotaleb(2)
1-The Central lab. of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Center (A R C). Giza, Egypt.
2-Microbial, Res. Dept, Soil, Water and Environment Institute,
(ARC). Giza, Egypt.
1- Email – salwahassanen@yahoo.com
Key Words: Organic compositions, mineral fertilizers, sandy soil,
sorghum, productivity and quality.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted in sandy soil at Fayoum
Government in Egypt, during the two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020.
The objective of this experiment was to study the response of sorghum
(Hybrid 305) to foliar application with some organic compositions
(Ascorbic acid and potassium silicate) under different four mineral
fertilizers (25, 50, 75 and 100 %) comparing with the four mineral
fertilizers without spraying. Plants were sprayed with ascorbic acid at
rate of 500 ppm/ L and 6 m / L of potassium silicate at three periods (21,
45 and 60 days from sowing). Results should that application of foliar
ascorbic acid and potassium silicate on sorghum produced significant
increases in the studied characters comparing with the untreated plants.
The treatment (75 % N + potassium silicate) achieved the earlier in
flowering, the highest values of grain weight / head and the highest
values of grain yield (22.55 ardab / fed) and the nutrients content in
grains this treatment obtained the higher values (10.38, 0.490 and 0.436
% for protein, P and K, respectively compared with the treatment (100 %
N without spray).The treatment (100 N % + potassium silicate) increased
no. of days to 50 % flowering, gave the highest values of plant height,
stem diameter, number and area of leaves, 1000 – grain weight and the
highest value of green yield (12.40 ton / fed) compared with the
treatment (100 % N without spray). Therefor it is possible to grow
sorghum under sandy soil and increase grain yield and its nutrients
content also reduce environmental pollution with reduce 25 % of mineral
fertilizer by using some organic compositions (potassium silicate).
INTRODUCTION
Grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.) is grown in many tropical and
subtropical regions of the world, because of its tolerant to stress
conditions such as drought, salinity and high temperature (Bashir et al.,
1994). Mineral fertilizers used to increase grain sorghum yield (Saba et
al., 1990). But on the other hand, the excessive application led to raise
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 119-130
cost of crop production and caused higher environmental pollution.
Application of some growth promoting agents (potassium silicate and
Ascorbic acid), Can help to decrease the amount of using mineral
fertilizers, humeral effect as well as increased grain yield production and
quality (Maged et al., 2018 and Udeigwe et al., 2015). The role of
potassium silicate in plant biology is to reduce multiple stress including
biotic and abiotic stress and it is also known to increase drought tolerance
in plants by maintaining plant water balance, photosynthetic activity,
erectness of leaves and structure of xylem vessles under high
transpiration rates (Matoh et al., 1991, Melo et al., 2003, Gong et al.,
2006 and Kumbargire et al. 2016). Ascorbic acid is synthesized in
most of higher plants and it is had an important role in both product of Dglucose
metabolism and the electron transport system. Application of
ascorbic acid led to gave increasing values of plant vegetative growth as
well as grain yield production of sorghum (Anton et al., 1999 and
Mourad 2006). The present experiment was carried out to study the
response of sorghum plant to foliar application of potassium silicate and
ascorbic acid under different rates of mineral fertilizers on growth, N P K
uptake and yield production.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A field experiment was conducted in sandy soil at own farm,
Fayoum Government during the two successive seasons 2019 and 2020
to study the response of sorghum Hybrid 305 to foliar application with
some organic compositions under different levels of mineral fertilizer
comparing with the levels mineral fertilizer alone (without spray). The
genotype was used hybrid 305 and kindly obtained from sorghum Res.
Dept. field crops, Res. Inst., ARC. Egypt. Sandy soil was used and some
soil properties were found in Table (1) according to Jakson 1973.
Plants were sprayed with ascorbic acid at rate 500 ppm and
potassium silicate (silicon oxide + potassium oxide) with rate 6 m / L, at
three times after 21, 45 and 60 days from sowing. The four levels of
mineral nitrogen were 25, 50, 75 and 100 % N / fed and added at sowing
date (11 and 18 June in 2019 and 2020 seasons). Nitrogen as ammonium
nitrate (33.5 % N) was divided into four dose for all nitrogen levels.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the rate of 30 kg P2 O5 / fed and
24 kg K2O/fed in the form of calcium supper phosphate and potassium
sulphate (48 % K2O), respectively. Randomized complete block design
with three replication was used in both seasons with the following
treatments:
T1 25 % N / fed
T2 25 N / fed + Ascorbic Acid
T3 25 % N / fed + potassium silicate
T4 50 % N / fed
20 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
T5 50 % N / fed + Ascorbic acid
T6 50 % N / fed + potassium silicate
T7 75 % N / fed
T8 75 % N / fed + Ascorbic Acid
T9 75 % N / fed + potassium silicate
T10 100 % N / fed (120 kg N / fed)
T11 100 % N / fed + Ascorbic Acid
T12 100 % N / fed + potassium silicate
Table (1): Some physical and chemical soil properties of the
experimental site
Properties Values
Mechanical analysis
Sand (%)
Salt (%)
Clay (%)
Texture grade
Physical – chemical analysis
PH (Soil paste)
E.C (dsm-1 at 25 oC
Saturation %
Organic matter (%)
Total Nitrogen (%)
Total soluble N (ppm)
Total Soluble p (ppm)
Total Soluble K (ppm)
Soluble cations and anions (MgL-1)
Ca++
Mg++
Na+
K+
Co3–
C1–
So4=
69.30
18.70
12.00
Sandy Loam
7.28
1.02
33
0.73
0.014
45
5.10
4.34
2.10
2.21
6.10
0.51
3.05
3.57
4.0
Plot size was 3 x 3.5 m; planting was done in hills 20 cm apart on
one side of the ridge. Number of grains per hill was 5 – 8 grains, after 18
days from planting dates. Weed control was performed by hoeing and
seedlings were thinned to two plants per hill. Plant height, stem diameter,
leaves number, (number of days from sowing to 50% flowering) and
Total leave Area /plant (cm)2 of the 4th leaf = Leaf length (cm) x
maximum leaf width (cm) x (0.747) multiplied of no. of green leaves
according to Stickler et al., (1961). At harvest time (120 days age) from
each plot (two central rows) 20 heads were taken at random for air drying
(10 days), then threshed and grain weight per head (gm), 1000- grain
weight (gm), green yield ton per feddan and grain yield per feddan
(ardab) as well as Protein content (%) and P and K (%) uptake according
to page et al., 1982. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 121
using analysis of variance ANOVA and least significant differences (L.
S. D.) were calculated from ANOVA tables according to Steal and
Torrie (1984).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant growth characters:
Results in Table (2) show effect of various treatments on plant
height, stem diameter and number of days to 50% flowering. The results
showed that increasing nitrogen- levels from 25 to 100% increased plant
height (from 103 to 140 cm) and also stem diameter (from 9.05 to 11.50
m) and number of days to 50% flowering from 65.30 to 69.30 day. Also
the results should that foliar application of ascorbic acid and potassium
silicate led to significant increase comparing with untreated plants (6.4%
and 9.3%) for plant height and 5.2% and 7.0% for stem diameter. The
highest values of plant height were recorded at the two treatments 100%
N-mineral + ascorbic acid and 100% N-mineral + potassium silicate (149
and 153 cm), respectively, compared with 100% N-mineral without
spray, its value was 140 cm, and the corresponding values for stem
diameter were (12.10 and 12.30 cm), while the value produced from 100
% N-mineral was 11.50 cm, as well as number of days to 50% flowering
increased (71.15 and 70.50 days), respectively, but the treatment which
75% - N + Ascorbic acid and the treatment which received 75% N +
potassium silicate reduced days to 50% flowering (66.00 and 65.85 days)
towards earliness, respectively compared with 75% N/fed similar results
were reported by (Conklin 2001, Gunes et al., 2008, Rabie and Negm
1992 and Abdel-Messih and Eid 1999), who reported the importance of
silicon to prevent of plant lodging and increase of grain yield.
Results of leaves number and leaves area are presented in Table (3)
the obtained data indicated that the treatments of 25, 50, 75, 100% Nmineral
produce (4.25, 5.00, 6.00 and 6.85) and (383, 603, 617 and 671
cm2) for number and area of leaves, respectively. Also foliar application
of ascorbic acid and potassium silicate achieved significant increase
(7.2% and 8.7%) for no. of leaves and (9.2% and 21.2%) for leaves area.
The highest values for leaves number and leaves area were found at the
treatment which received 100% N + Ascorbic acid and the treatment
100% N + potassium silicate with values for number of green leaves
were (7.35 and 7.50), respectively compared with 100% N without spray
which gave (6.85) and the corresponding values for leaves area (733 and
813 cm2) compared with untreated (100% N without spray with value of
671 cm2). The obtained results are inharmony with those obtained by
Mourad (2006), El Hedek (2013), Mousa et al., (1994), Gong et al.,
(2006) and Nasar and Abdo (2009), who reported that spray of organic
composition to the foliage led to phytohormons and natural activation
compound, enhance plant vegetative growth and gave higher values and
122 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
caused significant differences among tested parameters as compared to
applied mineral fertilizer.
Table (2): Response of plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm) and
days to 50 % flowering of sorghum to Ascorbic acid and
potassium silicate in 2019 (S1) and 2020 (S2) summer
seasons.
Trait Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (cm) Day to 50% flower
Treatment 2019 2020
2019 2020
2019 2020
25 % N/fed
25 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
25 % N/fed + potassium silicate
105
122
128
101
130
135
103
126
132
8.90
9.10
10.30
9.20
10.20
10.60
9.05
9.65
10.45
65.30
65.00
64.00
65.30
64.70
64.00
65.30
64.90
64.00
Mean 118 122 120 9.40 10.00 9.70 64.80 64.70 64.73
50 % N/fed
50 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
50 % N/fed + potassium silicate
115
124
129
123
131
138
119
128
134
9.60
9.90
10.50
9.80
10.30
10.80
9.70
10.10
10.65
69.30
68.00
67.00
68.30
67.70
66.30
68.80
67.85
66.65
Mean 123 131 127 10.00 10.30 10.15 68.10 67.40 67.77
75 % N/fed
75 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
75 % N/fed + potassium silicate
126
137
143
130
141
147
128
139
145
10.90
11.10
11.60
11.20
11.50
11.80
11.05
11.30
11.70
67.00
66.30
66.00
66.70
65.70
65.70
66.85
66.00
65.85
Mean 135 139 137 11.20 11.50 11.35 66.40 66.00 66.23
100 % N/fed(120 kg N/fed) control
100 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
100% N/fed + potassium silicate
138
145
149
141
152
156
140
149
153
11.20
11.90
12.20
11.80
12.30
12.40
11.50
12.10
12.30
70.30
71.30
71.30
68.30
71.00
69.70
69.30
71.15
70.50
Mean 144 150 147 11.80 12.20 12.00 71.00 69.67 70.32
L. C. D. 0.05 % 3.7 3.9 - 0.10 0.11 - 2.12 2.47 -
Table (3): Response of no. of green leaves/plant and leaf area/plant
(cm2) of sorghum to Ascorbic acid and potassium silicate
in 2019 (S1) and 2020 (S2) summer seasons.
Trait No. of green leaves/plant Leaf area/plant (cm2)
Treatment 2019 2020
2019 2020
25 % N/fed
25 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
25 % N/fed + potassium silicate
4.20
4.90
5.10
4.30
5.30
5.40
4.25
5.10
5.25
381
475
578
385
511
622
383
493
600
Mean 4.70 5.00 4.85 478 506 492
50 % N/fed
50 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
50 % N/fed + potassium silicate
4.90
5.40
5.60
5.10
5.60
5.70
5.00
5.50
5.65
593
617
625
613
634
641
603
616
633
Mean 5.30 5.50 5.38 612 629 617
75 % N/fed
75 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
75 % N/fed + potassium silicate
5.90
6.30
6.70
6.10
6.80
6.90
6.00
6.55
6.80
609
643
651
624
664
673
617
654
662
Mean 6.30 6.60 6.45 634 654 644
100 % N/fed control
100 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
100% N/fed + potassium silicate
6.80
7.20
7.40
6.90
7.50
7.60
6.85
7.35
7.50
659
713
803
682
752
822
671
733
813
Mean 7.10 7.30 7.20 725 752 739
L. C. D. 0.05 % 0.13 0.14 - 55.9 58.0 -
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 123
Yield and yield components:
Results presented in Table (4) showed that the treatments of 25, 50, 75
and 100%, N-mineral presented 25.35, 27.25, 35.35 and 38.75 and 23.20,
28.00, 31.00 and 32.55 for grain weight / head and 1000-grain weight,
respectively and show pronounced effect of foliar application of ascorbic
acid and potassium silicate on grain yield per head and 1000- grain weight.
The obtained results clearly revealed that application of ascorbic acid and
potassium silicate did support both grain yield per / head and 1000- grain
weight and led to Scored significant increase (19.23% and 25.04%) for grain
yield per / head with 75 kg N and (9.98% and 20.12 %) for 1000-grain
weight with 100 kg N and recorded higher values compared with applied
mineral fertilizer without spray. The highest values were found at the
treatment which received 75% N / fed + ascorbic acid and the treatment
75% N / fed + potassium silicate, (42.15 and 44.20 gm), respectively for
grain weight / head compared with 100% N without spray (38.75 m) and the
corresponding values for 1000- grain weight were (35.80 and 39.10 gm),
respectively compared with untreated 100% N which amounted 32.55 gm.
It is important to mention that increase in number of green leaves and
leaves area per plant by organic composition could be due to stimulation
effect for photosynthesis process and accumulation of dry matter in shoot
and hence weight of grain / head and 1000- grain weight (Katyal 2000;
Fariha and Sadia 2014, Azraf-ul-Hag 2007 and Abd El-latif 2011).
Results of green yield (ton per feddan) and grain yield ardab / feddan
are presented in Table (5). The obtained results revealed that treatments of
25, 50, 75 and 100%, N-mineral produce (8.60, 9.60, 9.80 and 11.30) and
6.17, 8.83, 12.24 and 14.57 for green yield and grain yield, respectively, and
foliar application of ascorbic acid and potassium silicate gave significant
increase in yield and recorded (3.50% and 9.70%) to green yield. The
highest values for green yield were obtained at the treatment which treated
by 100% N + Ascorbic acid and the treatment 100% N+ potassium silicate,
which gave (11.70 and 12.40 ton / fed), respectively for green yield
compared with 100% without spray its value was 11.30 ton / fed and the
corresponding for grain yield were 16.29 ardab / fed at the treatment 75% N
+ ascorbic acid and 22.55 ardab / fed at treatment 75% N + potassium
silicate compared with 100% N without spray (14.57 ardab / fed) as
significant increases reached (11.80 % and 54.80 %), for the two treatments,
respectively. The obtained results of green and grain yield of sorghum crop
are in agreement with those obtained by Mourad et al., (2005), Ma et al.,
(2001), Savant et al., (1999) and Salwa Hassanen and Abo- taleb (2020),
they reported that application of organic composition under mineral fertilizer
levels did support and gave an activation and positive effect by increasing
both yield production and yield components as compared to applied mineral
N- fertilizer at full recommended dose.
124 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
Table (4): Response of grain weight/head (gm) and 1000 - grain weight (gm) of sorghum to Ascorbic acid
and potassium silicate in 2019 (S1) and 2020 (S2) summer seasons.
Trait Grain weight/head (gm) 1000 grain weight (gm)
Treatment 2019 2020 2019 2020
25 % N/fed
25 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
25 % N/fed + potassium silicate
24.30
29.80
30.80
26.40
31.50
32.70
25.35
30.70
31.70
21.60
25.80
27.30
24.80
26.70
29.00
23.20
26.30
28.20
Mean 28.30 30.20 29.25 24.90 26.80 25.90
50 % N/fed
50 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
50 % N/fed + potassium silicate
25.70
30.10
32.90
28.80
32.80
33.40
27.25
31.50
33.20
27.40
29.70
33.80
28.60
31.90
34.70
28.00
30.80
34.30
Mean 29.60 31.70 30.65 30.30 31.70 31.00
75 % N/fed
75 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
75 % N/fed + potassium silicate
34.60
41.10
43.80
36.10
43.20
44.60
35.35
42.15
44.20
30.30
32.70
35.20
31.70
34.50
36.90
31.00
33.60
36.06
Mean 39.80 41.30 40.55 32.73 34.37 33.55
100 % N/fed control
100 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
100% N/fed + potassium silicate
37.80
36.90
38.70
39.70
37.20
39.20
38.75
37.05
38.95
31.70
34.80
38.50
33.40
36.80
39.70
32.55
35.80
39.10
Mean 37.80 38.70 38.25 35.00 36.63 35.81
L. C. D. 0.05 % 1.74 1.66 - 0.90 1.00 -
Table (5): Response of green yield (ton/fed), grain yield (ardab/fed) of sorghum to Ascorbic acid and
potassium silicate in 2019 (S1) and 2020 (S2) summer seasons.
Trait Green yield (ton/fed) Grain yield (ardab/fed)
Treatment 2019 2020 2019 2020
25 % N/fed
25 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
25 % N/fed + potassium silicate
8.30
8.70
8.90
8.90
9.10
9.20
8.60
8.90
9.05
6.23
8.19
9.32
6.11
8.05
9.10
6.17
8.12
9.21
Mean 8.60 9.10 8.85 7.91 7.75 7.83
50 % N/fed
50 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
50 % N/fed + potassium silicate
9.50
10.10
10.40
9.70
10.50
10.80
9.60
10.30
10.60
9.00
10.98
13.25
8.65
10.56
12.99
8.83
10.77
13.12
Mean 10.00 10.30 10.15 11.08 10.73 10.91
75 % N/fed
75 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
75 % N/fed + potassium silicate
9.70
10.30
10.80
9.90
10.70
11.20
9.80
10.50
11.00
12.33
16.34
22.59
12.15
16.23
22.51
12.24
16.29
22.55
Mean 10.27 10.60 10.43 17.09 16.96 17.03
100 % N/fed control
100 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
100% N/fed + potassium silicate
11.20
11.50
12.10
11.40
11.90
12.70
11.30
11.70
12.40
14.63
16.29
9.11
14.51
16.11
18.90
14.57
16.20
14.00
Mean 11.60 12.00 11.80 13.34 16.51 14.92
L. C. D. 0.05 % 0.11 0.12 - 0.541 0.454 -
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 125
Protein, phosphorus and potassium concentration in the grains of
sorghum:
Results given in Table (6) illustrated the grain quality and nutrient
uptake (%) as protein, phosphorus and potassium contents. Results
indicated that foliar application of ascorbic acid and potassium silicate
led to higher values and scored significant increase as compared to
applied mineral fertilizers at the 100% mineral N- fertilizer. The highest
values for protein (%) in sorghum were (10.16 and 10.23 %) at the
treatment which received 75% N + Ascorbic acid and 75% N +
potassium silicate, respectively compared with untreated plants (100% N
alone) its value was (9.20%). The corresponding values for Phosphorus
(p) were 0.473 and 0.490%, respectively compared with 100% N alone
which was (0.369%). As well as the values for potassium (K) were
(0.393 and 0.436%) compared with (0.251%) for untreated 100% N
without spray.
The obtained results are in agreement with Hana et al., (2001),
Melo et al., (2003), Ma et al., (2006) and Kumbargire et al., (2016)
who reported that N,P and K uptake (%) of plants of different crops
scored response to applied of organic composition as well as
phytohormons and plant growth promoting substances as nutrient
component.
Table (6): Response of protein (%), phosphorus (%) and potassium
(%) of sorghum to Ascorbic acid and potassium silicate in
2019 (S1) and 2020 (S2) summer seasons.
Trait Protein (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)
Treatment 2019 2020
2019 2020
2019 2020
25 % N/fed
25 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
25 % N/fed + potassium silicate
7.49
8.03
8.27
7.53
8.11
8.43
7.51
8.07
8.35
0.186
0.217
0.238
0.198
0.242
0.266
0.192
0.232
0.252
0.139
0.159
0.198
0.162
0.182
0.221
0.151
0.171
0.210
Mean 7.93 8.02 7.98 0.214 0.237 0.226 0.165 0.188 0.177
50 % N/fed
50 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
50 % N/fed + potassium silicate
7.99
8.69
8.83
8.01
8.93
9.07
8.00
8.81
8.95
0.275
0.299
0.317
0.314
0.327
0.358
0.295
0.313
0.333
0.175
0.224
0.247
0.213
0.247
0.283
0.194
0.236
0.265
Mean 8.50 8.67 8.59 0.297 0.333 0.315 0.215 0.248 0.232
75 % N/fed
75 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
75 % N/fed + potassium silicate
9.32
10.21
10.35
9.88
10.11
10.11
9.56
10.16
10.23
0.417
0.458
0.469
0.465
0.487
0.511
0.432
0.473
0.490
0.321
0.375
0.396
0.375
0.411
0.476
0.345
0.393
0.436
Mean 9.96 10.13 10.03 0.448 0.488 0.468 0.364 0.421 0.392
100 % N/fed control
100 N/fed + Ascorbic Acid
100% N/fed + potassium silicate
9.18
9.53
9.82
9.21
9.72
9.94
9.20
9.63
9.88
0.351
0.369
0.398
0.387
0.412
0.445
0.369
0.391
0.422
0.337
0.259
0.278
0.226
0.321
0.347
0.282
0.290
0.313
Mean 9.51 9.62 9.57 0.373 0.415 0.394 0.291 0.298 0.295
L. C. D. 0.05 % 0.23 0.23 - 0.092 0.102 - 0.051 0.059 -
CONCLUSION
The performed results clearly revealed that foliar application of
ascorbic acid and potassium silicate are very important for grow sorghum
under sandy soil, and to improve plant growth and increase grain yield
and the nutrients content in grains. On the other hand, foliar application
126 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
reduce the using of mineral nitrogen as pronounced from the treatment
75% N- mineral + potassium silicate of organic composition.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks and sincere appreciation to Sorghum Depart. Field Crop,
Research Instate (FCRI) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), for
providing the Sorghum Seeds.
REFERENCES
Abd EL-Lattief, E. A. (2011). Growth and fodder yield of forage pearl
millet in newly cultivated land as affected by data of planting
and integrated use of mineral and organic fertilizers. Asian
Journal of crop science, 3(1): 35-42.
Abdel-Messih, S. G. and M. A. M. Eid (1999). Response of wheat crop
to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar spray with
ascorbic acid. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci., 14(2): 132-142.
Anton, N. A.; Sh. Abdel-Nour and El-Set A. Abdel-Aziz (1999).
Response of barley to ascorbic citric acids and micronutrients
mixture under sandy conditions Zagazig J. Agric. Res., 26(6):
1553-1563.
Azraful- Hay, A.; I. Qadir and N. Mahmood (2007). Effect of
integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fodder
yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 44(3):
415-421.
Bashir, M. I.; N.A. Anton and S. J. Latif (1994). Effect of different
levels of N,P and K fertilizers on grain sorghum in sandy soil
condition Egypt J. Appl. Sci.; 9(10): 597-605.
Conklin, P. L. (2001). Recent advance in the role and biosynthesis of
ascorbic and in plants. Plant, cell Environ, 24: 383-394
El-Hedek, K. S. (2013). Effect of foliar application of salicylic and
potassium silicate on tolerance of wheat plants to soil salinity. J.
Sol. Sci. and Agric. Eng. Mansoura Univ., 4(3): 335-357.
Fariha, N. and Sadia Noreen (2014). Effect of different fertilizers on
yield of wheat. International J. Sci. and Res., 3: 1596-1599.
Gong, H. J.; K. M. Chen; G. Chen; C. S. M. Wang and C. L. Zhang
(2006). Effect of silicon on growth of wheat Emir. J. Food
Agric., 10(2): 01-07.
Gunes, A. D.; J. Pilbeam; A. Inal and S. Coban (2008). Influence of
silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress I. growth,
antioxidant mechanisms and lipid peroxidation. Communication
in soil science and plant analysis, 39: 1885-1903.
Hanna, Fardoas R.; A. Abdo Fatma and N. A. Anton (2001).
Response of wheat plant to foliar application with ascorbic acid,
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 127
copper and boron. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 26(10): 5971-
5983.
Jakson, M. L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis 2nd India. Reprint.
Katyal, J. C., (2000). Organic matter maintenace. J. Indian Soc. Soil
Sci.,48: 704-716
Kumbargire, G. A.; G. S. K. Swamy and A. S. Kalatippi (2016).
Infuence of diatomaceous earth as a source of silicon on leaf
nutrient status and yield attributing characters of banana Cv.
Grand Naine. The Bioscan, 11(1): 435-438.
Ma, J. F.; Y. Miyake and E. Takahashi (2001). Chapter 2. Silicon as a
beneficial element for crop plants. . Plant physiology, In silicon
editor (s) (Datnoff, L. E., G. H. Snyder and G. H. Komdorfer)
Elservier Amsterdam, 8: 17-40.
Ma, J. F.; S. Goto; K. Tamai and M. Ichii (2006). Role of root hairs
and lateral roots in silicon uptake by rice. Plant physiology, 127:
1773-1780.
Maged M.; Saad Abul Halim and A. Abo Koura Hana (2018).
Improvement of sorghum (sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Growth
and yield under drought stress by inoculation of potassium
silicate. Env. biodiv. Soil security 2; 205-220.
Matoh, T. S.; Murate and E. Takahashi (1991). Effect of Silicate
application on photosynthesis of rice plants (in Japanese). J. Soil
Sci. plant Nutr., 62: 248-251.
Melo, S. P.; G. H. Korndorfer; C. M. korndorfer; R. M. Lana and D.
G. Santan (2003). Silicon accumulation and water deficient
tolerance in grasses Sci. Agricola, 60: 755-759.
Mourad, A. E. A. A. (2006). Response of grain sorghum to foliar spray
with Ascorbic and citric acids under different rate of nitrogen
fertilizer in sandy soil. J. Agric, Sci. Mansoura Univ. 31(11):
6825-6837.
Mourad, A. E. A. A. and M. M. EL-Menshawi (2005). Effect of
adding nitrogen, potassium and zinc on growth and yield of
grain sorghum hybrid (Shandaweel 2) in sandy soils. Egypt. J. of
Appl. Sci., 20(8A): 127-138.
Mousa, I.A, I.; A. Y. Negn; A. Y. EL-Bashbishy and M. EL-Nember
Hanyiat (1994). Effect of different levels and sources of
nitrogen fertilizers and foliar application of ascorbic acid and
some micronutrients on wheat production in sandy soil. Fayoum
J. Agric. Res. And Dev., 8(1): 73-84.
Nassar, D. M. A. and F. A. Abdo (2009). Response of lupine plant
(Lupinus termis forssk.) to foliar application with ascorbic acid
Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. Zagazig Univ., 24(48): 415-434.
128 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
Page, A. L.; R. H. Miller and O. R. Keeny (1982). Methods of Soil
Analysis Chemical and Microbiological Properties 2nd Ed
Madison. Wisconsim USA.
Rabie, M. H. and A. Y. Negn (1992). Effect of ascorbic acid and nikel
on wheat production. Proc. 5th Conf. Agron., Zagazig, 13-15
Sept., 1992, Vol (1): 29-36.
Saba, M. F. I.; E. O. Eweis ; A. M. El-Kady and M. I. Bashir (1990).
Effect of different levels and modes of nitrogen application on
growth and yield of two sorghum cultivars. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci.,
7(6): 226-237.
Salwa, A. A. Hassanen and H. H. Abotalab (2020). Potential for
improving sorghum productivity and quality by organic-bio and
mineral fertilizers under soil lands conditions. J. Cur. Tre.
Agri. Envi. Sust., 1(1): 103.
Savant, N. K.; G. H. Korndorfer; L. E. Datnoff and G.I.I, (1999).
Silicon nutrient and sugarcane production. Areview. J. plant
Nutr., 22: 1853-1903.
Steel R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie (1984). Principre, and Procedures of
Statistics. 2nd ed Mc. Graw. Hillco., New York
Stickler, F.C.; Wearden and A.W. Pauli (1961). Leaf area etermintion
in grain sorghum. Agron. J., 53:187-188.
Udeigwe T.K.; J.M. Teboh ; M.H. Ezep N. Stietiya ; V. kumar ; J.
Hendrx ; H. J. Jr Mascagni ; T. Ying and Ji T. Kandak
(2015). Implications of leading crop production practices on
environmental quality and human health. J. Environ. Manage,
151: 267-279.
تأثير التسميد العضوي و المعدني على إنتاجية وجودة الذرة الرفيعة
تحت ظروف الأ ا رضي الرملية
) سلوى عبد العزبز عبد الرحيم حسانين ) 1( ، حاتم حسين ابو طالب ) 2
1( المعمل المرکزى لمز ا رعة العضوية ، مرکز البحوث الز ا رعية، الجيزة ، جميورية مصر العربية (
2( قسم بحوث الميکروبيولوجيا الز ا رعية ، معيد بحوث الا ا رضى والمياه والبيئية مرکز البحوث الز ا رعية ، (
الجيزة ، جميورية مصر العربية
أجريت تجربة حقمية خلال الموسم الصيفى لأعوام 2019 و 2020 فى الا ا رضى
) الرممية بمحافظة الفيوم فى جميورية مصر العربية بيدف د ا رسة تأثر الذرة الرفيعة )ىجين 305
بأضافة بعض المرکبات العضوية رشا ) حمض الاسکوربيک وسميکات البوتاسيوم( تحت اربعة
100 % ( مقارنة بيذة ، 75 ، 50 ، مستويات مختمفة من التسميد النيتروجينى ) 25
المعدلات السمادية بدون اضافة. تم رش نباتات السورجم بحمض الاسکوربيک بمعدل 500 جزء
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 129
60 يوم ، 45 ، فى المميون وسميکات البوتاسيوم بمعدل 6 مممى / لتر عمى ثلاث فت ا رت ) 21
من الز ا رعة ( .
أوضحت النتائج ان:
ان أضافة کلا من حمض الاسکوربيک وسميکات البوتاسيوم رشا عمى ىجين السورجم نتج
عنيا زيادات معنوية لمصفات المدروسة مقارنة بالنباتات غير المعاممة. و حقتت معاممة
)التسميد المعدنى 75 % + سميکات البوتاسيوم ( تبکي ا ر فى التزىير کما حققت أعمى قيم لوزن
حبوب النورة ومحصول الحبوب لمفدان، حيث سجمت 22.55 اردب / فدان وکذلک سجمت أعمى
0.436 % لمبروتين والفوسفور ، 0.490 ، القيم لمحتوى الحبوب من العناصر 10.38
والبوتاسيوم، عمى الترتيب مقارنة بالمعاممة ) 100 % تسميد معدنى بدون اضافة (. ىذا وقد
أعطت المعاممة ) 100 % تسميد معدني + سيميکات بوتاسيوم ( أعمى القيم لطول النبات
وقطر الساق وعدد الأيام حتى 50 % تزىير وعدد ومساحة الأو ا رق ووزن الإلف حبة وکذلک
المحصول الخضري لمفدان ) 12.40 طن / فدان ( مقارنة بالمعاممة ) 100 % تسميد معدني
بدون إضافة ( .
تشير نتائج ىذة الد ا رسة الى انو يمکن ز ا رعة الذرة الرفيعة تحت ظروف الا ا رضى الرممية
وزيادة انتاجية محصول الحبوب لمفدان ومحتوى الحبوب من العناصر اليامة لمنبات مع تقميل
التموث البيئي بتقميل السماد المعدنى المستخدم بنسبة 25 % واستبدالو بالمرکب العضوى
)سميکات البوتاسيوم( .
130 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
View on SCiNiTO
