Equity in Access to Health Services for People in Poor Urban Areas in Alexandria | ||||
| Journal of High Institute of Public Health | ||||
| Article 3, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 2003, Page 737-762 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2003.192172 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Hoda Z. Abdul-Kader1; Mona H A. Hassan2 | ||||
| 1Department of Health Administration and Behavioral Sciences, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Biotatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants associated with inequity in the utilization of outpatient or inpatient health services. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional study carried out in two poor urban areas in Alexandria, from March to May 2001, by interviewing 4154 individuals of all age groups. The Polytomous Logit Universal Models [PLUM] ordinal regression was used for multivariate analysis to extract the most significant determinants of the inequity of health services utilization and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Dependent variables were the number of outpatient visits within 6 months and number of inpatient episodes within five years. Both dependent variables were categorized as no contact, 1-2 contacts and 3 or more contacts. Adiusted odds ratios showed that lower utilization rates are linked to younger age, male gender, working as clerical or skilled in contrast to manual work, lack of health insurance coverage, being the Ministry.of Health [MOH] a main site of care, absence of acute or chronic illnesses, living in separate house, high crowding index, and ownership of <6 electric instruments. Results suggest that despite the health system's universal coverage and free access, there is still some sort of inequity that could be overcome by extension of health insurance coverage, education and improvement of environmental conditions. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Health Services; Poor Urban Areas; Alexandria | ||||
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