A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis
El Bagoury, M. (2022). A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis. EKB Journal Management System, 19(19), 47-74. doi: 10.21608/jfpsu.2021.68760.1057
Mahmoud El Bagoury. "A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis". EKB Journal Management System, 19, 19, 2022, 47-74. doi: 10.21608/jfpsu.2021.68760.1057
El Bagoury, M. (2022). 'A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis', EKB Journal Management System, 19(19), pp. 47-74. doi: 10.21608/jfpsu.2021.68760.1057
El Bagoury, M. A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis. EKB Journal Management System, 2022; 19(19): 47-74. doi: 10.21608/jfpsu.2021.68760.1057

A Durkheimian Reading of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis

مجلة کلية الآداب .جامعة بورسعيد
Article 30, Volume 19, Issue 19, January 2022, Page 47-74  XML PDF (437.84 K)
Document Type: المقالة الأصلية
DOI: 10.21608/jfpsu.2021.68760.1057
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Author
Mahmoud El Bagoury email
Faculty of Arts, Suez University, Egypt
Abstract
Abstract
This paper aims at exploring the multi-layers of suicide in Sarah Kane's play 4.48 Psychosis (2000) in the light of Emile Durkheim's identifications of suicide: egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, anomic suicide, and fatalistic suicide. The play encompasses these kinds of suicide through the portrayal of a hospitalized patient battling with her psychotic disorders and suicidal thoughts. Egoistic suicide is demonstrated through the patient’s social alienation from the mainstream of society and her submersion into a state of egoism. Altruistic suicide is depicted either through the patient’s view of suicide as a window overlooking infinity where the ego should be situated beyond life itself or through her inability to cope with her mental illness. Anomic suicide takes place when the patient falls into the abyss of frustration, despair, vulnerability, and anomy because of society’s indifference to her feelings, passions, and organic necessities. Fatalistic suicide is manifested through her suffocation by the overregulation of society represented by the oppressive, uncaring medical system. The disintegration of the human mind of the depressed patient is poignantly divulged through the employment of the stream of consciousness. Rarely do we find dialogical parts except the conversations between the patient and the therapist. Kane does not designate characters throughout the play as though she desires to grab the readers into the labyrinth associated with suicidal thoughts.

المستخلص باللغة العربية
يهدف هذا البحث إلى استکشاف الأشکال المُتعددة للانتحارفي مسرحية "ذهان 4.48" (2000) لسارة کين في ضوء تعريفات إميل دورکايم للانتحار: الانتحار الأناني، الانتحار الإيثاري، الانتحار اللامعياري، الانتحار القدري. تُلخص المسرحية هذه الأنواع من الانتحار من خلال تصوير مريضة نفسية في مصحة تُصارع اضطرابات ذهانية وأفکار انتحارية. يظهر الانتحار الأناني من خلال الاغتراب الاجتماعي للمريضة عن التيار السائد للمجتمع واستغراقها في حالة من الأنانية. يتم تصوير الانتحار الإيثاري إما من خلال رؤية المريضة للانتحار کنافذة تُطل على الأبدية حيث يجب أن تکون أناها خارج الحياة نفسها أو من خلال عدم قدرتها على التعامل مع مرضها العقلي. يظهر الانتحار اللامعياري عندما تقع المريضة في هاوية الاحباط واليأس والوهن وفقدان التواصل بسبب عدم اکتراث المجتمع تجاه عواطفها ومشاعرها وضروراتها العضوية. يتجلى الانتحار القدري من خلال شعورها بالاختناق بسبب المبالغة في التنظيم المجتمعي الذي يمثله النظام الطبي غير المُکثرث. يتم الکشف بشکل مؤلم عن تمزق عقل المريضة من خلال توظيف تيار الوعي، ونادراً من نجد أجزاء حوارية باستثناء الحوارات بين المريضة والطبيبة النفسية، ولم تُحدد کين أسماء الشخصيات خلال المسرحية کما لو کانت لديها الرغبة في جذب القراء إلى المتاهة المرتبطة بالأفکار الانتحارية.
Keywords
دورکايم; اضطرابات ذهانية; الانتحار الأناني; الانتحار الإيثاري; الانتحار اللامعياري; الانتحار القدري; Durkheim; psychotic disorders; egoistic suicide; altruistic suicide; anomic suicide; fatalistic suicide
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