MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN A WOODY FOREST IRRIGATED WITH CONTAMINATED WASTEWATER SUBJECTED TO A PRIMARY TREATED | ||||
| Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development | ||||
| Article 12, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 2011, Page 167-183 PDF (475.47 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Research articles. | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/fjard.2011.195484 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Taha Abd El-Khalik El-Maghraby; Mohamed Adel Ahmed Bakry; Nadia Abd El-HAzzem Mohamed | ||||
| Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study was aimed at monitoring the environmental pollution of a loamy sand soil cultivated with different tree woody species, i.e., Morus alba, Khaya senegalensis, Acacia saligna and Populus nigra and irrigated with treated contaminated wastewater through drip irrigation system. Some heavy metals, i.e, Cd, Co, Ni and Pb were determined in each of irrigation water, irrigated soil and grown woody trees, whether the expected phytoremediators were able to accumulate and translocate these heavy metals, from lower plant part tissues to the upper ones, taking into consideration their concentrations in irrigation water and irrigated soil. In order to achieve this target, two areas were selected in Egypt, i.e., a) Egyptian Chinese friendship woody forest of the previous four tree species at Sadat City, Minufiyah Governorate, Egypt which irrigated with a primary treated wastewater and b) Egyptian-Japanese woody forest at Wadi AlNatron, Behaira Governorate, which irrigated with natural underground water, as a control for Acacia saligna only. The obtained results showed an always seasonal difference as regards different studied heavy metal concentrations in irrigation water during 2010 that was noticeably higher than 2009. However, Ni and Pb concentrations in irrigation water of Sadat City area exceeded the permissible values of Egypt contaminated water. Also, Ni concentration in the natural underground water of Wadi Al-Natron area exceeded the permissible limit values of fresh water. As for heavy metal concentrations in the soil, data revealed that Cd concentrations were found in a low concentration at soil supporting Populus nigra vs a high concentration in subsurface layer (20-40 cm) in the soil supporting Acacia saligna. The highest concentration of Ni was occurred at subsurface layer (20-40 cm) of soil supporting Acacia saligna and Khaya senegalensis. On the other hand, soil Pb and Co concentrations were almost similar for the four tree species. Concerning the metal concentrations in tree species, there were insignificant differences for Cd concentrations in different tree stems, however, the different distribution pattern of Co concentrations in stem could be categorized in an ascending order of Populus > Morus > Khaya > Acacia. Co and Ni concentrations in leaves were also taken an ascending order of Morus > Khaya > Acacia > Populus. Pb concentrations in leaves were taken ascending order of Morus > Acacia > Khaya > Populus. All metals were successfully transported from roots to stems for all the investigated tree species. In Morus alba metals showed translocation preferences of Pb > Ni > Co > Cd vs Cd > Pb > Ni > Co in Khaya, Cd > Ni > Co > Pb in Acacia and Pb > Co > Ni > Cd in Populus. In addition, Morus alba exhibited Ni and Co highest translocation factor values that were found only at the highest temperature degrees. Moreover, Ni and Co concentrations in plant were found to be affected by soil pH, organic matter and irrigation water salinity these may be assisting naturally to accelerate soil phytoremediation processes at warm climate under desert regions. So, it could be recommended that using Morus alba and Populus nigra for metal removal from soil is only technically feasible in short time period if more metal can be made available by adding chemicals to soil that increased their concentrations. It is essential in case of using Morus alba as a phytoremediator to discard any fruit or leaves, however, it is also recommended to study the effect of accumulated metals in Morus leaves on silk warm as a biological indicator. The metal amounts extracted by plants can be put into perspective by calculating a theoretically decrease in soil metal concentrations from the known plant maximum metal concentrations in order to calculate the concentration factor, i.e., CF = metal concentration in plant tissue/its concentration in the soil. This could be achieved according to the number of planted trees/fed. Also, it should be following up Ni concentration in the natural underground water at the Egyptian-Japanese forest to avoid Ni pollution. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Woody forest; environmental pollution; phytoremediation of heavy metals | ||||
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