IMPACT OF APPLIED IRRIGATION WATER SYSTEM ON THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF BOTH MOISURE AND SALTS IN A SANDY SOIL AS RELATED TO WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY | ||||
| Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development | ||||
| Article 13, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 2011, Page 183-196 PDF (448.53 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Research articles. | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/fjard.2011.195485 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| Mohamad S. Zaid; Taha Mostafa Hussein; Mohamed A.H. El-Sharkawy | ||||
| Water Management Res. Institute, National Center of Water Res. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The main objective of this work was to investigate the impact of using two irrigation systems, i.e., modified surface irrigation with cement gated passers (flooding) and sprinkler irrigation on the pattern distributions of soil moisture and salts as related to plant characteristics and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Sakha 93 cv.) grown on a desert sandy skeletal soil at Inshas area that was reclaimed and cultivated since 1959 A.D. The obtained results showed that irrigation water was classified as C1S1, i.e., ECiw value = 0.35 dS/m or 0.75 dS/m and SAR 1.42 or < 6, indicate that the used irrigation water have no soil salinity or sodicity problems are expected. Also, the studied soil is characterized by a relatively coarse texture grade. i.e., sandy loam that characterized by low capacity to retain either soil moisture or nutrients to the grown plants. By using a parametric evaluation system for irrigated agriculture land, it was found that soil texture represents a limiting factor for its productivity as well as the studied soil belongs to a moderately suitable class (S2) in both current and potential conditions. Meanwhile, it could be evaluated as marginally (S3) and moderately (S2) suitable adaptations for winter wheat at the current and potential conditions, respectively. It was also showed that the actual consumed value of irrigation water required for the grown wheat plants under the prevailing conditions of the experimental soil was 1775.5 m3 fed-1 vs 2683.0 under modified surface irrigation and 2104.7 m3 fed-1 under sprinkler systems, with water saving of about 21.55 % in irrigation water for the later one. That was true, since such saving of water is more attributed with the water efficiency use values that were 66.18 and 78.47 % for modified surface irrigation and sprinkler, respectively. Moreover, the data indicated that the soil salinity levels were liable to seasonally change with different efficiencies of salts removed reached about 22- 25 vs 16-19 % throughout soil profile layers under the modified surface and sprinkler irrigation systems, respectively. Practically, soil moisture contents reached almost values of wilting point at the eleventh and fifth days after irrigation under the applied irrigation systems of modified surface irrigation and sprinkler, respectively. Consequently, the corresponding best irrigation intervals were 11 and 5 days under the prevailing environmental conditions of the current experiment, respectively. Wheat vegetative growth parameters, i.e., plants intensity in m2, plant height, No. of tillers/plant and dry weight/plant as well as harvest parameters, i.e., spike length and No. of grains/spike, grain and straw yields were affected by both applied irrigation systems, with successfully parameters for plants irrigated with sprinkler system. This was more attributed with the uniformity of soil-water distribution a certain stage of germination and seed response, may be due to easily irrigation water flow among whole field with high efficiency use in short time with low losses either by down movement under such relatively coarse textured soil or evaporation under hot-arid climate. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Soils of Inshas area; wheat; modified surface and sprinkler irrigation systems | ||||
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