Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Histology | ||||
| Article 12, Volume 46, Issue 1, March 2023, Page 150-162 PDF (1.37 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejh.2021.90525.1555 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Dalia A. mandour1; Marwa Tharwat Abdelfattah 2; Sara Mohamed Saber  1; Rania Hassan Mohamed Soliman2
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| 1Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig university, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) are nicotine delivery devices that work by vaping the E-cigs liquid rather than burning tobacco. It was initially presumed that E-cigs usage was safe. As the popularity of E-cigarettes grows, it's vital to think about their potential dangers and risks. A paucity of studies concerning the hazards of E-cigs was a call to assess the effect of E-cigs on the structure of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG). Aim of the Work: To clarify the structural changes that may take place in rat SMG after E-cigs exposure and the possible amelioration after its cessation. Material and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were allocated into three equal groups at random. Control group (Group 1). E-cigs exposed group (Group 2): was exposed to E-liquid smoke vapor (1ml/day) for 1 hour for 5 sequential days per week for four weeks. Withdrawal or recovery group (Group 3): was exposed to the same duration and dose of E-liquid smoke vapor as group 2 then left without exposure for another four weeks. At the end of experiment, the SMG were excised and processed for hematoxylin & eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff’s stain, Mallory’s trichrome stain and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)for immunohistochemical study. Also, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) enzyme activity were determined. Results: SMG injury was caused by electronic cigarettes in rats, as shown by histological changes in the acini and ducts, including vacuolated cytoplasm, besides increased TNF-α immunoreactivity and its area percentage. Furthermore, E-cigs caused oxidative damage by increasing MDA and decreasing GPx1 enzyme levels. Interestingly, cessation of exposure resulted in some amelioration of the histological and biochemical changes. Conclusion: Electronic cigarettes produce degenerative changes in the histological structure of the submandibular salivary gland and the withdrawal exhibits some degree of improvement. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Adult male rats; electronic cigarettes liquid; electronic cigarettes vaping; nicotine; submandibular salivary gland | ||||
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