ASSESSMENT OF USING SEWAGE WATER EFFLUENT ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2008, Page 2435-2445 PDF (598.66 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssae.2008.199794 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Azza R. A. Rashed; A.O.A Abd El–Dayem; M.A. Fayed; S.E.M. El-Sisi | ||||
| Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The major goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of using sewage water effluent as a sole source of irrigation for different periods of application on some physical and chemical properties of soil. Therefore, three sites representing different periods of sewage effluent utilization were chosen at Abou – Rawash Farm, Giza Governorate. The first site was uncultivated and assumed to be as a background reference of the studied area (0-Yr); the second and the third site were selected to represent area, which has been irrigated continuously with sewage effluent for 7 years (7-Yr) and 14- years (14-yr), respectively. Disturbed and undisturbed surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from the three sites. The results revealed that amending soil with sewage water had no influence on soil texture class even after (14-Yr) of the application; the texture still sandy textured soil. Total calcium carbonate decreased from 3.46% in the control to 1.84 and 1.50 % in the (7-Yr) and (14-Yr) amending soil, respectively. Organic matter content, increased due to the sludge amending. The magnitude of the increase was as the years of application increased. The results also indicated that the values of soil bulk density (B.D) was decreased with increasing the years of sludge application. This is may be attributed to the binding effects of organic matter exist, producing a more structured soil, consequently decreasing bulk density. The available water (AW) increased as the years of application increased. After (7-Yr) of sludge application, the data showed that available water was percentage increased by 2.46 folds as much as in control soil and by 4.76 fold after (14-Yr) . Results also, revealed that the reaction of the soil was alkali in the beginning (7.48 in the control) and changed to slightly acidic after consecutive use of sludge application. The data showed that the EC value was increased by nearly 33% due to the sludge application. The availability of N, P and K increased progressively as the years of application increased. In (7–Yr) soil and (14-Yr) soil, N content was increased by 23 and 29 folds, respectively, the corresponding data were (15 and 23 folds) for K and (2 and 3 folds) for P. Results showed that drastic increase in the contents of heavy metals of the soil being irrigated with sewage effluents. As the period of irrigation increase, the total contents of heavy metals progressively increased. The fractionation results of the tested heavy metals showed that, on average basis, the residual form was amounted to be 30% for Cd, 40% for Cu, 35% for Pb and 48% for Zn were associated with residual form. The rest of the extracted fraction, as shown from the data, could be arranged in descending order as follows: organic form >oxide – bounded > carbonate - form >exchangeable – form. In this connection, using swage effluent for irrigation sustained soil physical properties, but chemical properties must be considered. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Sewage Sludge; Effluents; irrigation; Sandy soil; Bulk density; Moisture constants; Fractionation of heavy metals | ||||
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