MODERNIZATION DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE FODDER CROPS PRODUCTION AND RATIONALIZING GROUNDWATER IN NORTH SINAI - EGYPT: CASE STUDY | ||||
| Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2022, Page 51-70 PDF (791.52 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjae.2021.97542.1049 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Hossam A. M. Hiekal  
| ||||
| Assoc. Prof., Soil Conservation Dept., Desert Res. Center, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Field experiments were carried out at Romana and Bir Elabd villages, North Sinai Governorate at three sites each village, cultivated by forage pearl millet and fodder beet crops during summer 2015 and winter 2015/2016, respectively. To evaluate the effect of updating drip irrigation system design (DI) with two water application levels:100 and 75% from actual crop water requirements (ETc) designated T100 and T75, respectively, and comparing with the drip systems used by farmers for irrigation (DC) under sites conditions. The parameters were statistical distribution of drippers flow rates, water application efficiency "Ea%", low-quarter distribution uniformity "DUlq", fresh and dry yield seasonally, water use efficiency upon fresh "WUEf" and dry yield “WUEEd”, and energy use efficiency upon fresh "EUEf" and dry yield “EUEd”. The most important results were: good performance of DI through excellent functioning of a statistical distribution of dripper flow rates. The highest mean values of Ea%, DUlq, IWUEf, IWUEd, EAEf, and EAEd were recorded by DIT75 treatments at both seasons, in all sites. Total fresh and dry yield by DIT100 treatments recorded the highest mean values at both seasons, between all sites. Also, the mean values of water-saving percentages compared with Dc treatment between all sites were 34.5 - 29.8% by DIT75 and 13.8 - 9.8% by DIT100 in summer and winter seasons, respectively, whereas, the mean values of operating energy saved percentages were obtained 33.2 - 35.5% by DIT75 and 20.6 - 23.2% by DIT100. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Drip irrigation; Fodder crops production; Rationalization groundwater and operational energy | ||||
| References | ||||
|
Abdelraouf, R. E., S. F. El Habbasha, M. H. Taha and K. M. Refaie (2013). Effect of irrigation water requirements and fertigation levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency in wheat. Middle-East J. of Scientific Research, 16(4), 441-450.
Ali, A., C. Xia, C. Jia and M. Faisal (2020). Investment profitability and economic efficiency of the drip irrigation system: Evidence from Egypt. Irrigation and Drainage, 69(5): 1033-1050.
Allen, R. G.; L. S. Pereira; D. Raes and M. Smith (1998). Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56) FAO, Rome.
ASAE (1999). Soil and Water Terminology. S 526.1. ASAE Standards. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engineer., St. Joseph, MI, USA.
Attaher, S. M., M. A. Medany, and A. El-Gindy (2010). Feasibility of some adaptation measures of on-farm irrigation in Egypt under water scarcity conditions. Options. Mediterraneennes, 95(307), 12.
Attia, S. S., A. G. Hani, M. A. Meg, S. E. Kalil, and Y. E. Arafa (2019). Performance analysis of pressurized irrigation systems using simulation model technique. Plant Archives Vol. 19, Supplement 1, pp. 721-731.
Batty, J. C.; S. N. Hamad and J. Keller (1975). Energy inputs to irrigation. J. of Irrig. Drain. Div., ASCE, 101(IR4):293-307.
Black, C. A. “Ed.”(1983). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Agron.Monogr.No.9, ASA, Madison, WI, USA.
Burt, C. M., A. J. Clemmens, T. S. Strelkoff, K. H. Solomon, R. D. Bliesner, L. A. Hardy and D. E. Eisenhauer (1997). Irrigation performance measures: efficiency and uniformity. J. of irrig. and drain. Eng., 123(6), 423-442.
Chakwizira, E., J. M. De Ruiter, S. Maley, S. J. Dellow, M. J. George, and A. J. Michel (2014). Water use efficiency of fodder beet crops. In Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 76 (1):125-134.
Diotto, A. V., M. V. Folegatti, S. N. Duarte, and T. L. Romanelli (2014). Embodied energy associated with the materials used in irrigation systems: Drip and center pivot. Biosystems Engineering, 121, 38-45.
Doorenbos, J. and W. O. Pruitt (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO Irrig. and Drain. P. 24, 156 pp. Rome, Italy.
Elamin, A. W. M., A. B. Saeed, A. E. Rahma and T. Elgamry (2020). Hydraulic Performance of Drip Emitters under Different Conditions and Water Qualities. Sudan Journal of Desertification Research, 11(1):46-57.
El-Ramady, H. R., S. M. El-Marsafawy, and L. N. Lewis (2013). Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 41–95. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5961-9_2
El-Sarag, E. I. (2013). Response of fodder beet cultivars to water stress and nitrogen fertilization in semi-arid regions. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci, 13, 1168-1175.
El-Shirbeny, M. A., E. S. Mohamed, and, A. Negm (2018). Estimation of crops' water consumptions using remote sensing with case studies from Egypt. In Conventional water resources and agriculture in Egypt (pp. 451-469). Springer, Cham.
Evans, R. G., I. P. Wu and A. G. Smajstrala (2007). Microirrigation systems. In: Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems HBook, Ch 17 (pp. 633 – 683)
Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd edition, john Willy and sons Inc. New York. 680p.
Goyal, M. R. (Ed.). (2016). Performance Evaluation of Micro Irrigation Management: Principles and Practices. CRC Press, 339 p.
Holzapfel, E. A., A. Pannunzio, I. Lorite, A. S. S. de Oliveira and I. Farkas (2009). Design and management of irrigation systems. Chilean j. of agricultural research, 69(1), 17-25.
IPCC, (2014) Climate change: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Chatterjee KJM, Ebi KL, Estrad YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (Eds.) Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1132 pp.
James, L. G. (1988). Principles of farm irrigation system design. Jone Willey and Sons (Ed.), New York, 543 pp.
Kirnak, H., E. Dogan, S. Demir, and S. Yalçin (2004). Determination of hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters used in irrigation systems in the Harran Plain. Turkish J. of Agric. and Forestry, 28(4), 223-230.
Kizer, M. A. (1976). A computer model to simulate farm irrigation system energy requirements. MSc, Oregon State University. 80 pp.
Klute, A. “Ed.”(1986). Water Retention: Laboratory Methods. Chapter 26: Hbook of Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Second Ed. Am. Soc. Agron. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI., USA.
Nazeer, M. (2010). Hydraulic performance of trickle irrigation emitters under field conditions. The Nucleus 47(3): 247-252.
Ouda, S., G., El-Afandi and T. Noreldin (2013). Modeling climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for crop production in Egypt: an overview. Climate Change and Water Resources, 99-120.
Pereira, L. S. (1999). Higher performance through combined improvements in irrigation methods and scheduling: a discussion. Agric. Water Manag. 40(2) 153-169.
Pereira L.S., I. Cordery and I. Iacovides (2012). Improved indicators of water use performance and productivity for sustainable water conservation and saving. Agr. Water Manage. 108(1), 39–41.
Rafie, R. M., and F. M. El-Boraie (2017). Effect of Drip Irrigation System on Moisture and Salt Distribution Patterns under North Sinai Conditions. Egypt. J. Soil Sci, 57(3), 247-260.
Raza, A.; J. K. Friedel and G. Bodner (2012). Improving Water Use Efficiency for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews Vol. (8), Eric Lichtfouse (Edt.), Agroecology and Strategies for Climate Change, Library of Congress Control No. 2011935458: 167-211.
Smajstrla, A. G., B. J. Boman, D. Z. Haman, D. J. Pitts, and F. S. Zazueta (1990). Field evaluation of micro-irrigation water application uniformity. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agric. Sci., Florida U., BUL265, 8pp.
Smith, R. J., J. N. Baillie, A. C. McCarthy, S. R. Raine, and C.P. Baillie (2011). Review of precision irrigation technologies and their applications. U. of Southern Queensland, 94 pp.
Sowers, J., A. Vengosh and E. Weinthal (2011). Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Climatic Change, 104(3), 599-627. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 500 PDF Download: 476 |
||||
