عناصر الطبيعة النيلية وعلاقتها بالأمراض وطرق العلاج في العصر الروماني Elements of Nilotic Nature and their Relationship from Diseases and Treatment Methods in the Roman Period | ||||
Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies | ||||
Article 15, Volume 38, Issue 1, 2021, Page 313-340 PDF (3 MB) | ||||
Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/bcps.2021.204150 | ||||
![]() | ||||
Author | ||||
رانيا زيدان ![]() | ||||
الاثار جامعة عين شمس | ||||
Abstract | ||||
توجهت الدراسات الحديثة إلى إعادة النظر في تصوير عناصر الطبيعة النيلية خلال العصر الروماني، وابتعد الکثير منها عن التفسير الديني أو حتى السياسي: ولذلک يناقش البحث رؤية جديدة تعکس دور المناظر الطبيعية النيلية کأحد أدوات العلاج؛ بينما يمثل الوجه الآخر مصدر للإصابة والهلاک؛ حيث يتناول البحث مفهوم تأثير جوانب الطبيعة النيلية في الإصابة بالأمراض واستخدام هذه العناصر الطبيعية نفسها في العلاج والاستشفاء، کما يساهم البحث في فهم العلاقة بين عناصر الطبيعة النيلية وسلوک المجتمع خلال العصر الروماني؛ من خلال رؤية الفنان لبعض المشاهد النيلية المصورة في الفنون الرومانية. أما عن منهجية البحث فيعتمد على الوصف ثم التحليل من خلال الکتابات الأدبية والفنون البصرية لتحقيق أهدافه، موضحًا التقدم في مجال الطب والعلاج وإن کان أساسه هو الطب المصري القديم الذي تکامل خلال العصر الروماني. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن البحث لا يناقش العلاج الديني أو السحري. بل يبحث في عناصر الطبيعة النيلية وانعکاسها في الفن الروماني. Many studies went to highlight the great role played by the Nile River in the ancient Egyptian civilization; focusing on the great functional role of the Nile during the Greco-Roman Era. The researchers went to monitor the role of the Nile and its environment, which was known to be the source of good things in all areas of life, religiously, socially, culturally and artistically. This paper discusses the contradictory aspect (between good and evil) of the natural environment of the Nile. It also states the impact of the topography of the Nile River and the danger of the receding of the Nile in transmitting diseases to the inhabitants of the Nile Valley such as fever, eye diseases, malaria, and some skin diseases. There are also records for Nile scenes depicting crocodiles and hippos attacking farmers, fishermen, trade workers and travelers causing severe injuries to them. Most of these records date back to the Roman era. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
مناظر طبيعية; مياه; جالينوس; أمراض; السلور الکهربي; تمساح; علاج. Landscapes; Water; Galen; Diseases; Catfish; Crocodile; Treatment | ||||
References | ||||
أولًا- المصادر: - جميع المصادر منشورة في L.C.L ما لم يذکر غير ذلک. Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, trans. by Lily. Beck, Hildesheim. Turkey: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri , 2005. Hesiod, The Theogony, trans. by H.G., Evelyn White. London: W. Heinemann, 1924. Homer, Odyssey, trans. by William Cowper. London: Chisweck Press, 1837. Ovid, Metamorphoses, trans. by. E. J. Kenny, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Pliny. The Natural History, trans. by W.H. Johnes. Cambridge: Hravard University Press, 1938. Strabo, The Geography, trans. by. H.J. Leonard, Vol. 1, London: W. Heinemann, 1966. Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, trans. by Hort. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990. Vitruvius, De architecture, trans. by F. Granger. London: Bakhsh Press, 1934.
ثانيًا- المراجع العربية: أحمد حسن، "أمراض العين في مصر في العصرين البطلمي والروماني"، مجلة مرکز الدراسات البردية والنقوش، المجلد 22 (2005): 45-81. ahmed, ḥassan, "amrad al-‘ayn fy masr fy al-‘aṣryn al-baṭlamy wa al-romany", magalt markaz al-drasat al-bardyah wa al-neqosh, al-mǧld 22 (2005): 45-81. وفاء أحمد الغنام، زهرة اللوتس في مصر البطلمية والرومانية، منشور ضمن أعمال المؤتمر العاشر للاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب 3-4، دراسات في آثار الوطن العربي، الحلقة الثامنة، القاهرة، 2007. al-ghanam wafā’aḥmad zahrat al-lwtas fy masr al-baṭlamayah wa al-romanyah, manshour ḍmna a‘amal al-mu’tamar al-‘asher lil-ittiḥād al-‘aam lil-āthāryen al-’arab 3-4,drasat fy āthār al-waṭan al-‘araby al-ḥalaqah al-thamenah al-qaherah ثالثًا- المراجع الأجنبية: Abouelata, Mohamed, "Travel to Healing Center in the Egyptian Temples", Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies 8, no. 2 (2018): 121-132 Apostolakis, Georgia, Apostolaki, Mary, "The reported thoracic injuries in Homer’s Iliad", Journal of Cardiothoracic Surge, 5 (2010). Arnott Geoffrey, Birds in the Ancient world from A-Z. Oxford, London: Routledge, 2007. Baker, Patricia, The Archeology of Greek and Roman Medicine. England: University of Kent Press, 2013. Barrett, Caitlín, Domesticating Empire: Egyptian Landscapes in Pompeian Gardens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Barrett, Caitlín, ''Recontextualizing Nilotic Scenes: Interactive Landscapes in the Garden of the Casa dell’Efebo, Pompeii'', American Journal of Archaeology, 121, no. 4 (2017): 293-332. Bekker, Tony & Casasola, Bernal, ''Ancient Nedts and Fishing Gear: Proceedings of the International Workshop on '' Nets and Fishing Gear in Classical Antiquity 3, no. 1 (2007). Bliquez, Lawrence, The Tools of Asclepius: Surgical Instruments in Greek and Roman Times, Leiden: Brill, 2014. Bricault, Laurent & Versluys, John, Nile into Tiber. Egypt in the Roman World. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2005. Coppens, Filip & Vymazalova, Hana, "Medicine Mathematics and Magic Unit in A Scene from the Temple of Kom Ombo", KO Anthropology47, no. 1 (2010). Dawson, Warren & Harvey, Fredric, "Herodotus as A Medical Writer", Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 9, no. 33 (1986). Dobanovački, Dušanka, Milovanović, Ljiljana & others, "Surgery before Common Era (B.C.D)", Journal of History of Medicine, 20, no. 1–2 (2012). Gensheimer Mary,Decoration and Display in Rome's Imperial Thermae: Messages of Power and their popular Reception at the Baths of Caracalla. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Gordon, Stephen, Effie, Iordanou & McInnes, Ellen, Medicine, Healing and Performance. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014. Irving, Lavis, ''The Hunting Mosaics of Antioch and their Sources Study of Compositional Principal in the Development of Early Medieval Style'', Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 14, no. 3 (1963). James, Allen, The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt. New York: Yale University Press, 2006. Jouanna, Jacques, Egyptian Medicine and Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen. Boston: Brill, 2012. Kellaway, Peter, "The Part Played by Electric Fish in the Early History of Bioelectricity and Electrotherapy", Bulletin of the History of Medicine 20, no. 1 (1946). Kourkoutas, Dimitrios & Trompoukis, Constantin,"Greek Mythology: the Eye, Ophthalmology, Eye Disease, and Blindness", Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, 42, no.1 (2007). Leigh, Robert, on Theriac to Piso, Attributed to Galen: A critical Edition with Translation and Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Magner, Lois, a History of Medicine. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992. Maire, Brigitte, Greek and Roman in Latin Medical Texts: Studies in Cultural Change and Exchange in Ancient Medicine. Boston: Brill, 2014. Mark, Jackson, The History of Medicine a Beginner’s Guide. London: One world Publication, 2014. Mecallef, Milton, "The Roman fever: observations on the understanding of malaria in the ancient Roman world", The Medical journal of Australia 11, no.4 (2016). Meyboom, Paul, The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. Early Evidence of Egyptian Religion in Italy. Boston: Brill, 1995. Morriss, Veronica, Islands in the Nile Sea: The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Thmuis, an Ancient Delta City. Texas: A & M University Press, 2012. Neer, Allan & Hellemansa, Bart, ''Roman trade relationships at Sagalassos (Turkey) elucidated by ancient DNA of fish remains'', Journal of Archaeological Science 30, no. 2 (2003): 1095–1105. Nunn, John, Ancient Egyptian Medicine London: University of Oklahoma Press. Oerlemans, Annelieke & Tacoma, Laurens, "Three Great Killers Infection Diseases and Patterns of Mortality in Imperial Rome", Journal of Ancient Society 44 (2014): 213-241. Rawson, Elizabeth, "The Life and Death of Asclepiades of Bithynia" The Classical Quarterly 32, no. 2 (1982). Robert, Daniel, the Cultivation and Conceptualization of Exotic Plants in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014. Salazar, Christine, the Treatment of War Wounds in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. Leiden: Brill, 2000. Salima, Ekram, Crocodiles: Guardians of the Gateways, in Book Thebes and Beyond (2010): 85-94. Scheidel, Walter, Death of the Nile: Disease and the Demography of the Roman Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 2001. Serageldin, Ismail, "Ancient Alexandria and the Dawn of Medical Science, Global Cardiology Science and Practice", Qatar Foundation Journal 4 (2013). Smith, Owen, The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, 1988. Smith, William, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: AMS Press, 1873. Tilburg, Cornelis, ''Greek and Roman ideas about healthy, drinking-water in theory and practice'', Journal of The Netherlands, 5, no. 1 (2013). Tsoucalas, Gregory & Sgantzos, Markos, "Electric current to cure arthritis and cephalaea in ancient Greek medicine", Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology 27, no. 2 (2016). Vasileios, Abdelkader & Angelakis, Andreas, "Egyptian and Greek Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times", Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020). Verslyus, Miguel, Aegyptiaca Romana: Nilotic Scenes and the Roman Views of Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Yacob, Arsano, Ethiopia and the Nile Dilemmas of National and Regional Hydropolitics Zurich: ECC-Newsletter, 2007.
| ||||
Statistics Article View: 293 PDF Download: 1,113 |
||||