اقتصاديات العملات الافتراضية المشفرة وماقد تفرضه من تحديات إقتصادية (دراسة حالة للبتکوين )

1- Andreas Adriano,”A short history of Crypto Euphoria.An eminent economist’s Taxonomy of bubbles is applied to the latest financial fad”, Finance &Development,VO.55,NO.2, June2018, www.fandd.org . 2- Anton Badev and Matthew Chen,”Bitcoin: Technical Background and Data Analysis”, Finance and Economics Series Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board ,Washington ,D.C,2014. https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=881031104121115067071110025 0281210880370170630540330221031180740920121250960700700661220300 32 2204210801211812412110806909107709201607106904403500208702808409 1086116085050060090029009112066097114117118115006004083119106031 006105099110120098079027082091&EXT=pdf 3- Antoine Bouveret and vikram Hakar,”Back to Basics.What are Cryptocurrencies?A potential new from of money offers benfits whil risks”, Finance&Development,VO.55,N0.2, June2018 ,www.fandd.org. 4- Benjamin Wallace Business,”The Rise and Full of Bitcoin”, Illustration by Martin Venezky,2011, https://www.wired.com/2011/11/mf-bitcoin . 5- Bitcoin price index from October 2016 to October 2018(in U.S. dollars), http://www.statisti.com/statistics/326707/bitcoin-price-index 6- Boys& Melvin,” Macroeconomics ”,Fourth Edition. 7- Brue,Stanley L,” The Evolution of Economic thought”, Sixth Edition, The Dryden Press,Dryden,2000. 8- Brian Cohen&Adam B.Levine,”BITBILLS Attempt to patent Physical BITCOINS”, https://letstalkbitcoin.com/477 (12/12/2018). 9- Christine Lagard,اStraight Talk.A Regulatory Approach to fintech.We must guard against emerging risks without stifling innovationا,Finance & Development,VO.55,NO.2, June 2018 www.fandd.org. 10- Chris Wellisz ,”Digital Crusaders .Technology offers weapons for the battle against corruption”, Finance& Development, VO.55, NO 1, March 2018, www.fandd.org . 11- David Chaum,”Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments” ,Department of Computer Science University of California Santa Barbara,CA.Copyright CC,1998,Springer-Verlag,1998. www.hit.bme.hu/~buttyan/BMEVIHIM219/2009/Chaum .Blind sig for payment.1982.PDF.(28/10/2018). 12- David Chaum,Amos Fiat, Moni Naor,” Untracedble Electronic Cash”, http://blog.koehntopp.de/uploads/chaum_fiat_naor_ecash.pdf . 13- Dong He,”Monetary policy in the digital age crypto assets may one day reduce demand for central bank money”, Finance &Development,VO.55, NO, June 2018, www.fandd.org. 14- European Central Bank,”Virtual currency schemes”,October2012, http://www.ecb.euorpa.eu 15- Florian Tschorsch and Bjorn Scheuermann,” Bitcoin and Beyond: A Technical Survey on Decentralized Digital Currencies”, University of Berlin, https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/464.pdf 16- Jerry Brito& Andrea Castillo,”Bitcoin: Aprimer for policy makers”,Mercatus Center at George Mason University,2013. www.mercatus.org/system/files/Prito-Bitcoinprimer.PDF , (28/10/2018). 17- J.M.Culbersten, “Money and Banking”, Second edition, London: McGraw-Hill, Book Company,1977. 33 18- Harold James,”Lucre’S Allure. Throughout new currency has been associated with mystical qualities and Bitcoin is no exception”, Finance& Development,VO.55,NO.2, June2018, www.fandd.org . 19- Kent.R.P,”Money and Banking”,Holl Rinchartand Winston CO New York.1961. 20- LEAH MCGRATH GOODMAN,”The Face behind Bitcoin”,2014. https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957 21- Mayer.J.S,Duesenbrry R.Z.Aliber ,"Money. Banking and the Economy”, Norton, Second Edition, New York, 1984. 22- Mcleay Miichael ,Amar Radia &Ryland Thomas,”Money in the Modern Economy :An Introduction Quarterly Bulletin” ,2014, bank of England. As of 20 April2017; http//www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents /quarterlybulletin/2014/qu14q1prereleasemoneyintro.pdf http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/Money/BoE-Money-in-the-ModernEconomy-An-Introduction%202014.pdf 23- Michael Keen, Sanjeev Guota,”Digital revolutions in Public Finance”, International Monetary Fund(IMF),2017. 24- Peterson, Wallace C and Paul S. Estenson,”Income Employment and economic growth” Seventh Edition ,W.W. Norton and Company, New York, London. 25- ,Sanjeev Gupta, Michael keen,” Public Finance Goes Digital .Technology is reshaping how Governments raise and spend money”, Finance& Development, VO.55,NO1, March2018, www.fandd.org 26- Satoshi Nakamotom,”Bitcoin: A Peer – to – Peer Electronic cash System”, www.bitcoin.org 27- Stefan Ingves,”Going cashless. The governor of the world’s oldest central bank discusses his country’s shift toward digital money”, Finance& Development,VO.55,NO.2 , June2018, www.fandd.org 28- the Library of Congress,Regulation of Bitcoin in Selected Jurisdictions, http://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/worldsurvey.php#skip_menu,3/11/2019. 29- Tobias Adrian and Aditya Narain,”Safe and asound. Financial regulators help ensure the safety and soundness of diverse financial systems”, finance &development,VO.54,NO.3, 2017, www.fandd.org,September. 30- Tommaso Mancini Griffoli ,”BANKING ON CHANGE. new technologies promise to reshape the financial services industry”, finance& development,VO.54,NO.3,September2017, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2017/09/pdf/griffoli.pdf 31- T.T.Sethi,”Monetury Economics”,New-Delhi,1996. 32- Viktor Mayer- Schonberger &Thomas Ramge,اReinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data”, New York, Basic Books ,2018. 33- http://www.loc.gov/law/help/bitcoin-survey/fjhvdo,28/10/2018. 34- http://www.dar-alifta.org/AR/ViewFatwa.aspx?sec=fatwa&ID=14139 34 35- http://blockchainheart.com.80 .( تشي الللوت مکصلحات معکت( 36- http://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/worldsurvey.php#skip_men u,3/9/2019. 37- https://newe.bitcoin.com/hacked-gatecoin-raises-500k-reopen/82/10/2018 38- - https://www.ccn.com/gatecoin-announces-re-launch-trading-platform. 39- https://www.coindesk.com/cryptsy-ceo-millions-digital-currency-steal . 40- https://www.arabictrader.com/ar/economic-dictionary . 41- https://www.avatrade.sa.com/forex/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin 42- https://knoema.com/infographics/nmyfsf/bitcoin-price-from-2009-to2018 . 43- https://knoema.com/rilqhnd/bitcoin-currency-statistics-2009- 2018?measure=Market%20Capitalization 44- https://www.argaam.com/ar/article/articledetail/id/520130 45- https://www.avatrade.sa.com/forex/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin 46- https://knoema.com/infographics/nmyfsf/bitcoin-price-from2009-to-2018 47- https://knoema.com/rilqhnd/bitcoin-currency-statistics-2009- 2018?measure=Market%20Capitalization 48- https://www.avatrade.sa.com/forex/cryptocurrencies/bitcoin 49- http://www.bbc.com/arabic/business/2014/02/140225_bitcoin_collapse 50- http://www.bbc.com/arabic/scienceandtech/2014/02/140215_hacking_bit coin 51- http://www.bbc.com/arabic/worldnews/2013/10/131003_us_drug_websit e_arrest 52- http://sa.investing.com/analysis/article-20023953 ,2/11/2018. 53- https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF071/24304- 9781484315224/24304-9781484315224/Other_formats/Source_PDF/24304- 9781484316719.pdf 54- https://m.elwatannews.com 55- https://aitnews.com. 56- https://arab-btc.net 5