Interleukin-5, Interleukin-6 and Eosinophils in COVID-19 Egyptian Patients: Potential Clues for Prognosis and Immunotherapy | ||||
| International Journal of Medical Arts | ||||
| Article 8, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2022, Page 1993-2000 PDF (1.24 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijma.2021.105687.1391 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Sara I. Taha   1; Eman M. El Sehsah2; Shaimaa H. Fouad 3; Hieba G. Ezzelregal 4; Aya H. Moussa 5; Shaimaa A. Abdalgeleel 6; Mariam F. Abdelmaksoud1
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| 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of medical microbiology /Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university, Mansoura ,Egypt. | ||||
| 3Department of Internal Medicine / Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 5Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 6Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: A decrease in eosinophil levels was found in Corona Virus Disease-19 [COVID-19] patients [eosinopenia]. However, recent research on eosinopenia and disease severity has yielded conflicting results. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between interleukin [IL]-5 and IL-6 levels, COVID-19 severity, and eosinophil count in Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: Eighty-three COVID-19 patients were enrolled. At hospital admission, patients' medical records were reviewed for sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data. IL-5 and IL-6 levels in pretreatment serum samples were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Results: Severe disease patients had significantly lower eosinophil levels than non-severe patients [0.0 ×103/μL [0.0-0.4] vs. 0.2×103/μL [0.0-0.4]; P ≤ 0.001]. On the other hand, levels of IL-5 [180.0 pg/ml [10.0-960.0] vs. 300.0 pg/ml [170.0-690]; P=0.013] and IL-6 [110.0 pg/ml [20.0-600.0] vs. 45.0 pg/ml [20.0-120.0]; P ≤ 0.001] were significantly higher. Additionally, eosinophils were significantly negatively correlated with biomarkers of coagulation dysfunction [D-dimer; P=0.016], inflammation [C-reactive Protein [CRP]; P=0.037 and ferritin; P=0.049] and cytokine storm [IL-6; P=0.018], but there was no significant correlation between eosinophils and IL-5 [P=0.931]. In addition, eosinophil count showed little diagnostic significance in distinguishing between severe and non-severe COVID, with an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.174. Conclusion: Anti-COVID-19 immunotherapy could target IL-5, IL-6, and eosinophils. IL-6 levels outperformed IL-5 levels and the peripheral eosinophil count in predicting COVID-19 development. Despite its weak predictive potential, eosinopenia has been related to severe COVID-19 infection and a higher risk of in-hospital death. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| COVID-19; Eosinophils; IL-5; IL-6; Progression | ||||
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