الحق في حرية الاعتقاد وممارسة الشعائر الدينية | ||||
| مجلة الشريعة والقانون بالقاهرة | ||||
| Article 8, Volume 37, Issue 37, April 2021, Page 295-340 PDF (2.59 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mawq.2021.209346 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| سارة محمود محمد برجل | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| إن العقيدة أوثق للمرء، وأحرم ما يضمر عليه قلبه، والإنسان غالباً ما يکون مستعداً للتضحية بأغلى ما لديه في سبيلها، مما يجعلها في مقدمة الحقوق الأساسية والتي کفلتها الدساتير والقوانين المختلفة، واختلاف الدين بين الناس، وتعدد الأديان، حقيقة واقعة لا مجال لإنکارها، قال تعالى: ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّکَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ إِلَّا مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّکَ وَلِذَٰلِکَ خَلَقَهُمْ وَتَمَّتْ کَلِمَةُ رَبِّکَ لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ﴾ لذا استعرضت في بحثي قضية الحق في حرية الاعتقاد وممارسة الشعائر الدينية؛ بدءاً من مفهوم حرية الاعتقاد والتي يقصد بها: حق الإنسان في اختيار ما يؤديه إليه اجتهاده في الدين، ومن حقه أن يختار الدين الذي يرتضيه من غير إکراه. کما استعرضت حرية المناقشات الدينية في القرآن الکريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة، وبينت أن الحوار الديني لا يمکن عزله عن ألوان الحوارات الأخرى؛ لأنه يتشابک معها بشکل أو بأخر، فيجب أن تکون المناقشات الدينية منضبطة بضوابط الشرع بأن تکون مبنية على العلم، وأن تکون فيما يفيد لا فيما يضر. وأوضحت أن لکل شخص الحق في ممارسة شعائر دينه، وتلک الممارسة يجب تنظيمها بالشکل الذي لا يضر بالعمل. وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج منها: أن حماية الإسلام لحرية ممارسة الشعائر الدينية لغير المسلمين قائمة على أسس شرعية، وغايتها ضمان عدم التعارض بين المسلمين وغيرهم في مجال ممارسة الشعائر الدينية الأمر الذي يمکن أن ينتج عنه اضطراب المجتمع، وعدم استقراره، وذلک من خلال تنظيم أحکام البناء والهدم والإبقاء على الکنائس ودور العبادة؛ وعرض الآراء المؤيدة والمعارضة لها. The belief is closer to one, and the sanctity of what his heart is bound to suffer. Man is often ready to sacrifice the most precious thing he has in her path, which puts her at the top of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitutions and the various laws, and the difference in religion among people, and the multiplicity of religions, a fact that cannot be denied. (Had your Lord willed, He could have made the people one community, and they are still different (118), except for those who have mercy on your Lord. That is why He created them. And the Word of your Lord is fulfilled. I will fill Hell with jinn and humans at all, 119) [Hud 118-119] In my research I reviewed the issue of the right to freedom of belief and the practice of religious rites; from the concept of freedom of belief, which is meant by the human right to choose what his jurisprudence has to do with religion; He has the right to choose the religion he accepts without coercion; he also reviewed the freedom of religious debates in the Holy Koran and the Prophet's Sunna; She explained that the religious dialog cannot be isolated from the colors of other dialogs because it is interlaced with them in one way or another. Religious discussions must be controlled by the Sharia's regulations by being based on science and be useful, not to the detriment of others. She said that every person has the right to practice his religion, and that practice should be organized in such a way as not to harm the work. The research has yielded some results: That Islam's protection of the freedom to practice non-Muslims' religious rites is based on sharia and aims to ensure that Muslims and others do not have conflict in the practice of religious rites, which can result in the disorder and instability of society by organizing building and demolition rulings and maintaining churches and houses of worship; He presented views that supported and opposed them | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| الحرية; المعتقد; الشعائر; العبادة; الاختلاف; إکراه. Freedom; Belief; Rituals; Worship; Difference; Coercion | ||||
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