CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WILT AND DAMPING-OFF DISEASES OF TOMATO. | ||||
| Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology | ||||
| Article 5, Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2008, Page 2273-2284 PDF (661.45 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2008.217750 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| A. M. El-Samadisy,; F. A.F. Ali; A. A.R. Helalia; W. M. S. A. Ali | ||||
| Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Seven fungicides (i.e. tetraconazole, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin +metiram, metiram, mancozeb and flutolanil ) and three biological agents (i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma album and Bacillus subtilis)were evaluated in laboratory against two pathogenic fungi; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani causing wilt disease and damping off of tomato seedlings, respectively. Depend upon EC50 values of the tested fungicides, the in vitro studies showed that the descending order of fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici growth was as follows; difenoconazole > tetraconazole > pyraclostrobin + metiram > trifloxystrobin > metiram > mancozeb > flutolanil, while it was flutolanil > difenoconazole > tetraconazole > mancozeb > pyraclostrobin + metiram >trifloxystrobin > metiram against Rhizoctonia solani growth. In greenhouse trials, the fungicides were applied at 1500 and 3000 µg a.i./ml water as seed treatment, while biological agents were applied at 1.5 and 3.0 x 106 spore/ml water as soil treatment. The results showed that all fungicides and bioagents treatments significantly reduced diseases incidence and increased emergence and plant stands. Fungicides tested were better to control wilt and damping off than bioagents. Generally the most effective treatments for controlling wilt disease weredifenoconazole, tetraconazole, pyraclostrobin + metiram, followed by trifloxystrobin, metiram, mancozeb, T. harzianum, while the lowest were B. subtilis, T. album and flutolanil as compared with the control treatment, while the most effective fungicide for controlling damping off was flutolanil followed by difenoconazole, tetraconazole, pyraclostrobin + metiram, mancozeb and the lowest was metiram as compared with the control treatment. Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective bioagent tested for controlling damping off, followed by B. subtilis while T. album was the least effective one. Castel rouck cultivar was more resistant to the two diseases under artificial inoculation and greenhouse conditions, whereas Money Maker seemed to be highly susceptible. | ||||
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