Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies
Osman, M., Shehata, M., Abd-Elaziz, K., Rashad, M. (2019). Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies. EKB Journal Management System, 30(4), 20-22. doi: 10.21608/mjmr.2022.221604
Mustafa. A. A Osman; Mohamed S. A. Shehata; Khaled M. S. Abd-Elaziz; Mohamed H. Rashad. "Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies". EKB Journal Management System, 30, 4, 2019, 20-22. doi: 10.21608/mjmr.2022.221604
Osman, M., Shehata, M., Abd-Elaziz, K., Rashad, M. (2019). 'Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies', EKB Journal Management System, 30(4), pp. 20-22. doi: 10.21608/mjmr.2022.221604
Osman, M., Shehata, M., Abd-Elaziz, K., Rashad, M. Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies. EKB Journal Management System, 2019; 30(4): 20-22. doi: 10.21608/mjmr.2022.221604

Output Indices in 2D versus 3D/4D Ultrasonography in Fetal Craniocerebral Anomalies

Minia Journal of Medical Research
Article 5, Volume 30, Issue 4, October 2019, Page 20-22  XML PDF (420.17 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mjmr.2022.221604
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Authors
Mustafa. A. A Osman1; Mohamed S. A. Shehata2; Khaled M. S. Abd-Elaziz3; Mohamed H. Rashad4
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University
2Department of Radiology, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
3Department of Pediatrics, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
4Department of Neurology, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Objective: to compare the acoustic output of conventional two-dimensional US and 3D/4D US in a 
group of pregnant women with fetal craniofacial malformations. Method: Fifty women with 
suspected craniocerebral anomalies during routine prenatal ultrasound examination are included in the 
study. For ultrasound assessment, we used a Doppler ultrasound system. Subsequently, 3D/4D images 
were obtained using a suitable probe. During both examinations, changes in thermal index (TI) and 
mechanical index (MI) were recorded. Results: Comparison between TI and MI of the different 
ultrasound techniques revealed no statistically significant differences. The reported TI for the studied 
modalities was 0.277 ± 0.01, 0.271 ± 0.008 and 0.249 ± 0.01 (p=0.43) while MI was 1.12 ± 0.012, 
0.87 ± 0.014 and 1.19 ± 0.37 (p=11) for B mode, 3D and 4D techniques respectively. Conclusion:
3D/4D ultrasound imaging is comparable to 2D imaging regarding thermal and mechanical indexes in 
women with fetal craniocerebral anomalies. 

Keywords
Craniocerebral anomalies; 3D/4D ultrasound; thermal index; mechanical index
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