RESPONSE OF MAIZE VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD T0 PARTIAL N-MINERAL REPLACEMENT BY BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE STRESSES | ||||
| Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 2, Volume 30, Issue 4, April 2005, Page 2259-2273 PDF (933.66 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssae.2005.227502 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| A. m. Ibrahim1; S.A. Seat El Yazal1; R. G. El Sayim2 | ||||
| 1Soils and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. at El Fayoum. Cairo University | ||||
| 2Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study aims to minimize the possible adverse fears of human health and environmental risks resulted from the used mineral fertilizers, particularly the new varieties of maize plants that are classified as excessive nitrogenous use. To achieve this target a field experiment was conducted on a clayey soil cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.) at El Wanysa village. ltsa district, El Fayoum Govemorate. during the summer season of 2004. Partial replacement of 75. 50 and 25 % of the recommended N-mineral dose for maize was carried out using seed inoculated with Notroben (Azospiriiium bresr'iense) as biological nitrogen fixation bacteria under the different available soil moisture depletions of 30. 50 and 70 %. Vegetative growth parameters (plant height. ear length and diameter), crop yield (grain and straw). grain quality (100 kernel weight and protein percent) and some nutrients uptake (N. P and K) by plant were taken as criteria for evaluating the applied treatments. The obtained data showed that the applied partial replacement of 25 % N-mineral dose by N-bio fixation under 50 % available soil moisture depletion exerted a positively significant effect on the studied plant criteria. i.e.. increasing the vegetative growth parameters of plant height. ear length and diameter by 3.23, 1.78 and 2.29 %. respectively as compared to the full N-mineral dose. The corresponding relative increases were 10.51. 4.48. 2.65 and 11.32 for straw yield. grain yield. 100 kernel weight and grain protein content %. respectively. Also, it exhibited relatively high N, P and K contents reached 166?, 11.36 and 6.73 % for maize straw vs 11.34. 20.00 and 16.12 for maize grain. respectively. While. relatively low values were recorded in the treatment of maize seeds inoculated with N-fixation bacteria alone. it is worthy to mention that the other combinations of 25 and 50 "/o N-mineral with inoculated maize seeds exhibited relatively low values than that obtained at the full N-mineral dose. As for the available soil moisture depletion status (ASMD). data revealed that the integrated use of 50 % SMD had a greater beneficial effect as compared to both of 30 and 70 % ASMD. The negative effect was more noticeable in soil plots received 70 % ASMD. this may be due to the unbalanced soil water-air relations that lead to reducing the photosynthesis activity as well as the adverse relations between hormones and biological processes in the whole piant organs. Moreover. Irrigating maize plants at 50 % SMD was achieved a significantly increase for the water use efficiency. where it tended to reduce at 30 and 70 0/0 ASMD by 36.06 and 13.85 %. respectively. This may be due to the plant roots can be extract more soil water from a greater depth under moderate stress as compared to those irrigated at a relatively wet or drought levels. From the abovementioned results it is evidence that maize plants able to givercome a pronounced amount of the eeouirements (about 25 %) from the livioiooical nitrogen fixation {via seeds lIiOCUIatIDn with Azosrn’ritlrxrri brasriiense) under .56 it of the available moisture .Lroretion. This :3 undoubtedly great impedance due'10 the superiority was not only taxer‘ as a criterion for inc .sng the outputs of vegetative growth and crop yield for maize plants or rationsi the of costly N-mineral | ||||
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