INHIBITION OF GRANULOMA INDUCED BY GRANULOCYTES ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS: ROLE OF THE MORINGA OLEIFERA AQUEOUS EXTRACT | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Zoology | ||||
| Article 7, Volume 78, Issue 78, December 2022, Page 1-14 PDF (1.19 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Research Papers | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejz.2022.113530.1068 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Soad N. Ibrahim1; Ayatollah A. El-Shorbagy1; Rehab M. Hussein  2
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| 1Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt | ||||
| 2Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The current study reported the potential activity of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in reducing granulomatosis induced by Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA).Twenty-five healthy individuals and fifty Schistosoma mansoni/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients were enrolled in the current study. The granulocytes were isolated and used to induce in vitro granuloma using SEA-conjugated polyacrylamide beads in the presence of interleukin (IL)-17 (125 pg/mL). After 3 days, the granuloma was treated with the aqueous extract of Moringa leaves(0.1 mg/mL). Praziquantel (PZQ, 0.1 mg/mL) was used as a reference drug. On the 7th and 14th days, the granuloma index (G.I) was determined and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, H2O2, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in the culture supernatant. The microscopic examination showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the granuloma size in response to PZQ or Moringa extract after 7 and 14 days, respectively, in the healthy subjects; the reduction induced by Moringa was significant comparing with PZQ after 14 days. A significant decrease was also recorded in the granulocytes’ mediators as H2O2 (in both healthy subjects and co-infected patients) and NO (in healthy subjects only) in response to Moringa extract comparing with PZQ after 14 days. However, TNF-α showed a significant increase (only after 14 days) in the granuloma treated with PZQ or Moringa extractcompared with the untreated granuloma of healthy individuals. In conclusion, the Moringa extract showed a higher protective activity than PZQ in reducing granuloma, possibly due to affecting the production of granulocytes’ mediators. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Granulomatosis; IL-17; Moringa oleifera; Praziquantel; Soluble egg antigen | ||||
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