DISEASES OF Nigefla sativa AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN EGYPT | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 14, Volume 31, Issue 8, August 2006, Page 5039-5058 PDF (251.93 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2006.236100 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| M. A. M. Baiuomy,1; l. A. Shalaby2 | ||||
| 1Plant Pathology Res. inst. . Agriculture Research Center Giza Egypt | ||||
| 2Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Res. Sta... Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Surveying the crop plantations (2003 at 2004) in the four governorates, showed that in Qalubia governorate diseases incidence percentage of Nigelia saliva was higher than those in the other governorates. isolation trials from plants yielded Fusarium oxysporum, Fmoniliforme, F. semifecium. F. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina. Pythiumuilimum and Rhizocloniasolani. While, they yielded Alternan'a. alternate. Aspergiiius flavus, F. oxysporum, F. moniiiforme, F. semiteclum ,Fsolanr' , Mucor sp..Penicriiium sp, and Rhizopus stolenifer from the seeds Pathogenicity test, indicated that F. oxysporum , F. moniiiforme M. phaseolina, P. ultimum and Rsolanl were the most virulent fungi , while, F. semrteclum, F. solani were the least ones. Also, A. alternate caused clearly pod blight under greenhouse conditions . Three recommended chemical fungicides ,i.e. Rizolex T, Topsin M and Vitavax Thiram were compared with two biocides ,i.e. Plant Guard and Rhizo N; two biofertilizers ,i.e. Cerealin and Rizobacrtreln ;and four plant essential oils active ingredients (Al) ; i.e. Anisoie, Citrai, Menthol and Thymol {as seed dressing treatments) for control the causal pathogens of Nigella saliva in Miro and in Vivo, except of biocides and biofertilizers were tested in vivo only . in 1llitro ,all treatments at 3000 ppm completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the six tested fungi .Aiso, Topsin M, Citrai and Thymol at2000ppm completely inhibited the myceiial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and F. moniiiforme . in greenhouse Vitavax Thiram (3g/kg seeds) completely prevented damping ~ off diseases of N. saliva (100%) caused by all the tested fungi, except of F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseoiina. Also, Rhizo N completely prevented damping — off disease caused by P. uiirmum. While, Thymol (3000ppm) at the rate of 50mi7i<g seeds gave the same results against F. soiani and P. uiiimum. On the contrast Cerealin at the rate 150gii<g seeds and Menthol (3000ppm) at the rate 50ml7kg seeds were the least efficient for controlling damping — off diseases of N.saliva. Also, under field conditions experimental in naturally infested soil, and in the both seasons, Topsin M (3gikg seeds) Rhizo N( 4gikg seeds); Rlzobactrein (150 gikg seeds); Anisoie and Thymol (50ml7kg seeds) gave percentages of infection reductions by (93.33%— 92.56%) and (68.69%-9‘i.19%) ', (80.0%*77.T%) and (60.53%- 76.56%) ; (609796-626496) and (69.42%-64.86%) ; (69.97%-61.95%) and (68.69%- 67.68%) and (66.67% - 77.50%) and (33.33% - 76.58%) after 30 and 60 days of sowing date and in the both experimental seasons, respectively . Under field conditions, all treatments increased percentages of fresh and dry weight, number of pods, plant heigh. seed and oil yield compared with the control treatment. Fungicides followed by Rhizo N ,Anisole and Thymol were the best treatments for plant growth, while Cerealin and Menthol were the least active treatment in this respect. ' | ||||
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