Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Hussaini, I., Bishir, M., Gide, S., Wakil, S., Gide, A. (2022). Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. EKB Journal Management System, 3(3), 516-521. doi: 10.21608/mid.2022.132921.1277
Ibrahim Mohammed Hussaini; Musa Bishir; Suleiman Gide; Sheriff Wakil; Anas Gide. "Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2". EKB Journal Management System, 3, 3, 2022, 516-521. doi: 10.21608/mid.2022.132921.1277
Hussaini, I., Bishir, M., Gide, S., Wakil, S., Gide, A. (2022). 'Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2', EKB Journal Management System, 3(3), pp. 516-521. doi: 10.21608/mid.2022.132921.1277
Hussaini, I., Bishir, M., Gide, S., Wakil, S., Gide, A. Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. EKB Journal Management System, 2022; 3(3): 516-521. doi: 10.21608/mid.2022.132921.1277

Structure and genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 3, Volume 3, Issue 3, August 2022, Page 516-521  XML PDF (274 K)
Document Type: Mini-review article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2022.132921.1277
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Authors
Ibrahim Mohammed Hussaini email 1; Musa Bishir2; Suleiman Gide3; Sheriff Wakil4; Anas Gide5
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
3Desert Research Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
4Department of Microbiology, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
5Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans (the previous human coronaviruses are HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and the third human coronavirus known to cause severe illness in human after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These three coronaviruses have caused three different severe respiratory diseases outbreaks within the last two decades: SARS in 2002-2003, MERS in 2012 and COVID-19 in 2020. The aim of this review was to summarize information on the genome and structure of SARS-CoV-2.    SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a crown-like appearance due to the presence of spike glycoprotein on the envelope. The nonsegmented genome of SARS-CoV-2 of approximately 30kb encodes two large polyproteins, four main structural proteins namely spike, membrane, envelope and nucleocapsid proteins as well as several accessory proteins. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome shows that it is highly related to coronavirus from the bat (96%), pangolin (91%) and SARS-CoV (80%). Variants of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved continuously as a result of genetic mutations and are circulating worldwide. These variants have varying degrees of transmissibility, disease severity, susceptibility to therapeutics and detection by diagnostic tools. Understanding the structure and genome of SARS-CoV-2 is important in the control, management, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 as well as vaccine development.
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; genome; structure; coronavirus
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