STATUS OF FIRE BLIGHT (Erwinia amy/ovora Burr. Wilson et a/.) IN Egypt: DISTRIBUTION, IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 30, Issue 10, October 2005, Page 5905-5917 PDF (3.58 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2005.237513 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| A. E. Tawfik,1; E. M. Hussein1; N. Y. Abd EI-Ghafar2; A. F. Abd EI-Rahman1 | ||||
| 1Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Fire blight has been a serious problem and destructive disease in pear orchards. The first appearance of the disease at Mammal EI-Kezaz in the region between Alexandria and Damanhur provinces was proved in 1964. However, in 1982 sever outbreak of fire blight in the Nile Delta of Egypt was noticed. The disease spread rapidly in most governorates and as a consequence of the disease numerous orchards has been eradicated. The identification of twenty-three isolates obtained during this study was preformed by traditional bacteriological tests, BIOLOG system and serological techniques (dotimmunobinding assay, DIA and immunoflourescens test, IF). Diseased pear tissues with typical fire blight symptoms showed positive reaction with DIA and IF using the specific antiserum of Erwinia emyaovcre. All tested chemical compounds and antibiotics decreased growth of E. Amy%vora and disease severity on immature pear fruitlets, in vitro. Starner 20% (oxolinic acid) and nalidixic acid 20% were the most effective on the growth of E. Amy/ovora and disease severity. Meanwhile, Kocide 101, Kocide 2000, Copper oxychloride 50%, Agrimycin 17, (Strptomycin sulfate), Apromycin 20% were moderately effective and Kasugamycin was less effective. Field experiments were conducted using Le Conte pear cultivar during 2001, 2002 growing season at Kalubia governorate. Int&gration between organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20% greatly reduced the number of infected clusters and significantly increased pear yield compared with the control treatment. No differences were found between the copper compounds which used spraying in dormancy stage. In order to develop a management strategy to control fire blight in orchard., an integrated approach was adopted using organic manure, mineral fertilizers and bactericides during blooming. | ||||
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