EFFECT OF CROP RESIDUALS FILLED MOLES ON SOME PHYSICAL AND HYDROPHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES | ||||
| Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 30, Issue 11, November 2005, Page 7179-7204 PDF (8.54 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssae.2005.238497 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| E. I. EI-Maddah1; S. E. Badr2 | ||||
| 1Soli, Water and Environment Research Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Agric. Eng. Research Inst. Agrlc. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Field experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of crop residuals filled moles on some physical and hydrophysical soil properties as well as to get rid of these residuals causative the black cloud covered the sky of Egypt. Cotton stalks, rice straw and com stalks as a complete structure (without grinding) were placed in moles 30 and 60 em deep. arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3, 5 and 7 m apart. Furthermore economical analysis was done by calculating the net revenue for every treatment to determine the economical treatment. The moles were constructed by a special ditcher. The experiments were conducted at EI-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, EI-Gharbia Govemorate, during three consecutive growing seasons from 2002 to 2004. Cultivated crops comprised wheat, rice, and onion of bulb seeds in a consecutive sequence. EJ- Gemmeiza soil is silty clay loam in texture with less than 4% of CaC03. The organic matter ranges between 2.41 and 1.86 %, the soil pH between 7.85 and 7.91 and the EC between 5.26 and 5.83 dSm" . The obtained results can be summarized as follows :- 1- The rate of fuel consumption increased 19.51 % by increasing mole depth, and the power consumption increased from 43.28 to 51.54 t<MI, as the mole depth increased from 30 to 60 cm. The slip ratio also increased reaching maximum values of 6.22 and 11.53 % at operating forward speed of 3.05 Kmlhr for the two mole depths of 30 and 60 cm, respectively. 2- Soil penetration resistance decreased by increasing mole depth and by decreasing mole space and decreased also with all added residuals. 3- The soil bulk density decreased in all treatments, while total soil porosity and void ratio took the opposite trend. 4- A decrease in the settling percentage was observed in all treatments, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 5- The soil hydraulic conductivity and the water holding capacity besides available water increased in all treatments. 6- Water consumption was decreased and water use efficiency was increased with all treatments. 7- According to the economic evaluation, the 60 cm mole depth with com stalks at 3 m spacing was the most valuable compared to other treatments since it gave the highest net revenue. 8- From the above results, it is more useful to use these treatments with the three crop residuals at different rates to get a markedly improve in soil physical and hydro physical properties which reflect on higher yield incorporated with high net income. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Crop residuals; cotton stalks; rice straw; corn stalks; mole depth and space; fuel and power consumption | ||||
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