PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON INCREASING THE SALT TOLERANCE OF WHEAT PLANTS THROUGH CALLI TREATMENT WITH LASER RAYS AND ETHYLMETHANE-SULPHONATE | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 8, Volume 29, Issue 4, April 2004, Page 1761-1785 PDF (1.67 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2004.238602 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
| O. M. EI.Shihy,; A. M. Ghallab; Hanaa F. Youssef | ||||
| Plant Blotechoflology and Bioengineering Lab., p{a"t physioL Sec., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The present study was desi9f\ed 10 compare Ihe eHectiveness of helium-neon laser rays (0.0. 60, 120 and 180 minutes) and EthylmethansulphOnale (EMS) (0.0, 5. 15 and 25 mM). each alone or in combination, In Improving lhe tolerance to salinity in salt- sensitive Giza 168 wheal culuvar. The salt-toleran; Sakna 93 cultivar. was used 10 be compared with the seosltive one under the same s.alinily levels (0.0, 15%, 30% and 11 5% sea saJled water). For this reason prellmlnary experimenl was conducunq during 1999f2000 season, and the main experiments during 2000/200 t and 200112002 seasons. The results 01 tne main experiments continmed the previous coodiuoos drawn from the data obtained from the prelimInary one. The most promisin-g Ihree treatments were, 120 min. Laser rays, 15 mM EMS and 120 min. laser rays .• 1S mM EMS. The obtained results of the main experiments clearly cooflrrned Ihe eHectiveness of all selectee treatments with an absolute superlorlty of combined treatment (120 rnln. laser rays .• 15 mM EMS) which yielded slgnlnc..:3f'lt (and at me mean lime Ihe hlg est) increases In the caJl1 fr&sh weighl over Ihe untrealed calli eilher which the derived hom the tolerant and sensitive cuJlivars Meanwhile. the other two treatments. i.e. ,20 min. laser rays or 15 mM EMS recorded their slgni1icant tncrsrnents over lhe respective values 01 the sensitive control only (control II). Also, the C<l1I1 derived from grains of Ll1e combined treatment sxhlbited more tolerance 10 salinity and was able to produce the signifICant Increment over both controls up to 30% sea salted water level, and only up 10 15% sea salted water level for the other treatments. The obtained wheat plantlets derived (rom calli treated with the combination of laser rays + EMS were tolerance up 10 30% sea sausd water level and were able to continue Iheir growth in sand cullure till maturity and lJ11 grain production which yielded as grains I plant more than t\ ••• o lolds of the control 01 the tolerant cintivars S8J<he 93 and more man four folds I.hal of Ihe sensuive one Giza 168.. The data also revealed lhal tolerance Which was more pronounced as a re.sult 01 the double treatment exist as well 8S for (he single Ireatmenl of each and was assoclated with high accumuladon of much mora quantities Inorganic osmolica, i.e. N, p. K, Mg, Ca and Ihe hlghesl KfNa ratio as well as lowest quanlilies 01 Na and lowest Na I Ca ratio. In addition to considerable accurnulation of organic protective osmolytes. i.e. sucrose, proline <If"I() amino acids into calli and snoot tissues. This was accompanied with an accumulation 01 endogenous hormones, i.e. 1M. GAJ and A8A in the stressed shoo IS . In add,lion 10 tJ'ic lowest invertase acltvlty in !)"Ie stressed leaves in favol 01 accumulation mote !'>On·reducing sugars. Such accumurano« increased as llle ~llnily level W<lS increased In oroer 10 acius: Itle ratio between thl:: orotective and toxic iruerrneoiates of metabolism in favour of more tolerance 10 sauoirv. Such behaviour seems to induce more ability lor wheal plants 10 continue Ihc'lr Grow1h lill maturity and orcouction of grains even under 30% sea sailed w;Jler. The. p'oduccd wheal grains from Ihe differenl lIealrnenis esoeciauy Ihe double ooe wele cbarsctertzeo wilt·, InCle.3sed accumulation of protein. sugars and mineral nutrienlS by inCfessing salinity level In the medtum. SOdium levej gradually decreased Iron, Ihe calli and shoot tissues 10 attain minimum value in U1e produced gfClins. The obtained data suggested the possibility of successful applicglion of the combination of laser rays and EMS 10 improve salinity tolerance of economic crops such as wheal. | ||||
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