QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE DRAINAGE- REQUIREMENT, CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONSUMPTIVE USE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY. | ||||
| Journal of Plant Production | ||||
| Article 2, Volume 29, Issue 8, August 2004, Page 4357-4373 PDF (4.59 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2004.238780 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| EI-S. M. Mohamed,1; Fayza M. A. EI-Taweel2; A. A. Aboushal1 | ||||
| 1Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Soil Salinity Lab., Alexandria. | ||||
| 2Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Sugar Crop Res. Station, Sabheia, Alexandria. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Due to over-irrigation and seepage from unlined canals, problems of raising the soil water-table (SWT) on some crops are evident. Thus the crop-drainage requirement, seasonal consumptive use (SCU) and its components, and water use efficiency (WUE) for sugarcane as related to SWT depth were undertaken in a Iysimeter study. Water-tables were statically maintained at 40, 70, 100, 130 and 160 cm from soil surface. Two sugarcane varieties namely; G.T.54-9 (C9) and F.153 were grown during 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 seasons as plant cane and first ratoon crops. A water budget model was used to evaluate the capillary upward water flux as influenced by the different SWT depths. The general performance of sugarcane yield components and sugar yield showed that C9 and F153 were significantly higher at 70 cm depth; the shallower or deeper are the lower the plant cane, stalk, bagasse, juice and sugar yields. Both varieties were not significantly different at different depths regarding to cane and sugar yields of both plant cane and first ratoon crops; and for tops plant crop as well as, for juice of first ratoon crop. Stalk cane and bagasse means showed that the two varieties acted significantly different with water-table levels. An exponential equation describing the water-table contribution (WTc) to the SCU in relation to the SWT depths was reported. The values of WTc were reduced by 44.83 and 81.48 % as SWT was increased from 40 to 70 and 160 cm, respectively. As for irrigation contribution (Ic), a polynomial regression model was reported to identify Ic as a function of SWT depth. Ic values were significantly compounded by 146.55 and 470.40% as SWT increased from 40 t070 and 160 ern, respectively. The dependence of moisture depletion on SWT revealed a significant regression model where the depletion contribution augmented as SWT increased. The general trend for SCU was that the deeper the SWT, the larger is the SCU. However, SCU at 70 cm depth was lower than that of 40 cm. Increasing SWT from 70 cm to 100, 130 and 160 increased the SCU by 15.84, 34.20 and 49.07 %, respectively. The behavior of the monthly and accumulated consumptive use was described during the entire growth periods where four stages of plant growth may be recognized. It is suggested that, at 70 cm depth, maximum sugarcane yield may be obtained with less water consumption and efficiency of water utilization might be expected. The amounts of consumed water as related to sugarcane yield were given and showed that at 70 cm depth the highest efficiency occurred. Shallower or deeper exhibited larger amounts of water that need to produce the same quantity of yield. | ||||
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