Photonic Crystal Analog to Digital Converter A Literature Review, Challenges, and Some Novel Trends | ||||
| Menoufia Journal of Electronic Engineering Research | ||||
| Article 7, Volume 31, Issue 2, July 2022, Page 64-74 PDF (1.29 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mjeer.2022.132434.1052 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Tamer Mostafa   1; Amany Ahmed2; El-Sayed El-Rabie3
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| 1Department of Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt, P.O. 11829, | ||||
| 2Department of Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt, | ||||
| 3Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This paper reviews all-optical analog to digital converters (OADCs) based on the photonic crystal. They are nonlinear applications and are used in all-optical data processing systems. They are consisting of one input (i.e., continuous analog optical signal) and two or five outputs (i.e., binary code). Most of these structures have two operation steps. The first one is a nonlinear demultiplexer followed by second stage that has an optical coder. The demultiplexer creates the discrete levels for the continuous optical input signal; then the optical coder generates output bits. There are two techniques to design OADC, ring and cavity resonators. All OADCs structures use the finite difference time domain (FDTD) and plane wave expansion (PWE) analysis methods. The paper presents a comparison between the different designs in the literature for both the ring and cavity resonators using the RSOFT simulator followed by the challenges and some novel trends. Keywords— Photonic crystal, Optical ADC, ring resonator, Demultiplexer, Optical encoder. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Photonic crystal; Optical ADC; ring resonator; Demultiplexer; Optical encoder | ||||
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