EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND AGROCHEMICALS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) | ||||
| Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 28, Issue 9, September 2003, Page 6975-6996 PDF (824.49 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2003.252480 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
| H. A. I. Salem | ||||
| Agric. Res. Center, Centeral Agric. Pest. Lab., Sabahia Expp. Station, Alex., Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Field experiments were performed in Borg El-Arab region, west Alexandria -Egypt during 2001 and 2002 seasons under surface and drip irrigation systems to investigate the effects of foliar applied herbicide (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl), four foliar applied insecticides (pirimicarb, fenitrothion, cypermethrin and malathion), farmyard manure (FYM), four phosphorus levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/Fed.) and three row spacings (20, 25 and 30cm) on growth and yield of grain and straw of wheat. The commercial formulation for the previous pesticides were individually foliar sprayed after sowing. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl applied at different rates (100, 200, 300, 400 and the recommended rate of 500 cm3/Fed). Malathion was applied with two rates of 75 and the recommended rate of 150 cm3/Fed. The recommended rates of other pesticides were individually foliar sprayed. FYM and four phosphorus levels were applied on land preparation before sowing. Results indicated that pesticides were effective only at high rates, plant height and yield of grain and straw were significantly increased in fenoxaprop-p-ethyl especially at rates from 500 to 300 cm3/Fed. under surface and drip irrigation systems compared with control in 2001 and 2002 seasons. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with FYM gave the highest significant increase in plant height and yield of grain and straw followed by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl alone while FYM alone was the least effective compared with control in 2001 and 2002 seasons under either surface or drip irrigation system. For fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with FYM mean values were 66 and 66 cm for plant height and 13.335 and 13.335 ardab/Fed. for grain yield and 3.880 and 3.865 ton/Fed. for straw yield compared with control 37 and 37 cm for plant height and 10.100 and 10.025 ardab/Fed. for grain yield and 2.565 and 2.560 ton/Fed. for straw yield for 2001 and 2002 seasons, respectively under either surface and drip irrigation systems. Concerning the effect of insecticides, using row spacing 10 cm and phosphorus level 15 kg (P2O5), plant height, yield of grain and straw were significantly increased in case of pirimicarb treatment followed by fenitrothion while cypermethrin was the least in the two seasons. For pirimicarb the average values for grain yield were 13.565 and 13.530 ardab/Fed., for finitrthion were 12.675 and 12.655 ardab/Fed., for cypermethrin were 11.250 and 11.240 ardab/Fed. compared with the control which gave 10.035 and 10.275 ardab/Fed. in 2001 and 2002 seasons, respectively. Plant height and yield of grain and straw were significantly higher in malathion treated wheat especially at higher rate 150 cm3/Fed. followed by the rate 75 cm3/Fed. compared with the control. Application of phosphorus levels especially at rate 30kg P2O5/Fed. with spacing 20 cm increased significantly plant height and yield of grain and straw under surface and drip irrigation systems in the two seasons mentioned above. In all trials plant height and yield of grain and straw of wheat significantly increased in surface irrigation than drip irrigation systems in the two seasons. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| wheat; pesticides; soil; fertilizer; crop; growth; variability; Ineviable; risks; critical; puplic; health; issue; scant; products; contamination; nutritions | ||||
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