Detection of Internal Parasites in Turkeys in Erbil city | ||||
| Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 7, Issue 4, October 2022, Page 1-5 PDF (597.04 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/javs.2022.143017.1155 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Waad Khalid Khalaf  
| ||||
| Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic turkeys and infection rates of gastrointestinal parasites infesting turkeys and the relationship with their ages. Seventy-one dropping samples were randomly collected from turkeys reared in Erbil city from April 2019 to the end of June 2019. To diagnose the parasites using wet cotton swabs, fifty swab samples were collected from the oral cavity, esophagus, and crop. Coprological examinations of the samples were carried out in the Laboratory of the Parasites/ Veterinary Medicine College / University of Mosul. The results also showed that the total percentage of infection with gastrointestinal parasites was 35.21%. Five nematode species were recorded in Erbil city turkeys, Heterakis gallinarum 28%, Capillaria spp. 24%, Trichostrongylus spp < /em>. 16%, Strongyloides avium 12% and Ascaridia galli 4%. Furthermore, Eimeria spp. of intestinal protozoan was diagnosed, with a 48% infection rate. Strongyloides avium larvae were detected in the turkeys' oral cavity swabs, with an infection rate of 4.0%. Results showed higher infection in > 8 weeks ago) (40%), 4 weeks age (30.76%), and 8 weeks age (27.77%). While the result of this indicates significant variations in the infection rates between the age of > 8 weeks and each of the ages of 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The study revealed that the majority of infection was single infection (76%), followed by double infection (16%), and mixed infection (8%). | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Eimeria; Erbil; Iraq; Nematodes; Oocyts; Turkeys | ||||
| References | ||||
|
AL-ALOUSI T. I., DAOUD M. S., and AL-BAYATI M. M., 1994. A study of endoparasites of turkeys in Mosul-Iraq. Iraqi J. Vet. Med. 7, 123-129.
AL-DULAIMI, F. H. A. 2013. Prevalence of Parasitic Nematodes and Cestodes in Domestic Chickens and Turkeys Birds, Babylon province. Journal of Babylon University/ Pure and Applied Sciences 21(5), 1613-21.
ALMAYALI, H. M., and AL SHABANI, H. A., 2017. Diagnostic and Identical study of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Parasites in AL-Diwaniyah province. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 22(4), 162-172.
AL-MOUSSAWI, A. A. 2016. Nematodes of the Turkey Meleagris gallopavo (Galliformes: Phasianidae) from Al-Nasiriyah, Iraq. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 8(4), 126-131.
AMMAR, K. N. A. W. 2015. Ultrastructural Study of Two Parasites Infecting Domesticated Turkey Meleagris Gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 (Galliformes: Meleagridinae) Qena, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 45(2), 331-343.
ANDERSON, N. L., GRAHN, R. A., VAN HOOSIER, K., and BONDURANT, R. H., 2009. Studies of trichomonad protozoa in free-ranging songbirds: prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) and corvids and a novel trichomonad in mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Vet Parasitol, 161(3-4), 178-186.
BADPARVA, E., EZATPOUR, B., AZAMI, M., and BADPARVA, M., 2015. First report of birds infection by intestinal parasites in Khorramabad, west Iran. Journal of parasitic diseases, 39(4), 720-724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0427-5
BAHADORY S. R., RAD N. H., RAMEZANI A., BABAZADEH D., FALAH S., and GHAVAMI S., 2014. Evaluation of gastrointestinal helminths of native turkeys in Amol, Iran. J. World's Poult. Res., 4(4): 86–88. http://jwpr.science-line.com
CHAPMAN, H. D. 2008. Coccidiosis in the turkey, Avian Pathology, 37:3, 205-223, DOI: 10.1080/03079450802050689
DAGNACHEW, S., AMAMUTE, A., and TEMESGEN, W., 2011. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants in selected sites of North Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 15 (2), 57-68. DOI: 10.4314/evj.v15i2.67694
DAKHEEL KREMSH ALASADIY, Y., MUKDAD MAHMOOD, R., and NAJI ALHASNAWI, A., 2022. A Comparative Study of Parasitic Infections in Domestic and Wild Pigeons in Iraq. Archives of Razi Institute, 77(2), 709-715. DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357105.1976.
DAUDA, J., LAWAL, J. R., BELLO, A. M., MUSTAPHA, M., NDAHI, J. J., BIU, A. A., anad LAWAL, J. R., 2016. Survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and associated risk factors in domestic turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) slaughtered in poultry markets in Bukuru–Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Int J Innovative Agric Bio Res, 4(4), 27-36. www.seahipaj.org
EL-DAKHLY, M. K., MAHROUS, L. N., and MABROUK, G. A., 2016. Distribution pattern of intestinal helminths in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Beni-Suef province, Egypt. Journal of veterinary medical research, 23(1), 85-93.
FLAYYIH, M. M. 2014. Isolation and Identification of some Ectoparasites, Haemoprotozoa, Histomonas sp in Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Nigeria city. M.Sc. thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine: 76p.
HAFEZ, H. M. 2011. Enteric diseases of poultry with special attention to Clostridium perfringens. Pak. Vet. J., 31(3): 175–184.
HON, L. T., FORRESTER, D. J., and WILLIAMS JR, L. E., 1975. Helminths of wild turkeys in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 42, 119-127.
ISAKAKROUDI, N., TALEB, A., ALLYMEHR, M., and TAVASSOLI, M., 2018. Effects of essential oils combination on sporulation of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Eimeria oocysts. Archives of Razi Institute, 73(2), 113-120. 10.22092/ARI.2017.109255.1102
JEGEDE, O. C., ADETIBA, R. O., KAWE, S. M., OPARA, M. N., MOHAMMED, B. R., OBETA, S. S., and OLAYEMI, O. D., 2019. Gastrointestinal Parasites of Local and Exotic Breeds of Turkeys [Meleagris gallopavo] In Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 2 (1), 247-256.
MIRZAEI, M., GHASHGHAEI, O., and KHEDRI, J., 2016. First report of an outbreak of trichomoniasis in turkey in Sistan, Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40(1), 61-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0445-3
MOHAMMED, B. R., ADETIBA, R. O., JEGEDE O. C., KAWE, S. M., OPARA, M. N., AGBED, E., and SHEHU, R., 2017. Gastrointestinal parasites of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. 6th Annual Bacteriology and Parasitology Meeting, J Bacteriol Parasitol, 8:5 p:24 (Suppl) DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597-C1-037.
OATES, D. W., WALLNER-PENDLETON, E. A., KANEV, I., STERNER, M. C., CERNY, H. E., COLLINS, M., BISCHOF. R., and BOYD, E. D., 2005. A Survey of Infectious Diseases and Parasites in Wild Turkeys from Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 30: 25 – 31. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas
OLA-FADUNSIN, S. D., GANIYU, I. A., RABIU, M., HUSSAIN, K., SANDA, I. M., MUSA, S. A., and FURO, N. A., 2019. Gastrointestinal parasites of different avian species in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research, 6(1), 108. doi: 10.5455/javar.2019.f320
OPARA, M. N., OSOWA, D. K., and MAXWELL, J. A., 2014. Blood and Gastrointestinal Parasites of Chickens and Turkeys Reared in the Tropical Rainforest Zone of Southeastern Nigeria. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4, 308-313. 10.4236/ojvm.2014.412037
OSO, A. O., FAFIOLU, A. O., SOBAYO, R. A., JEGEDE, A. V., DELE, P. E., ALAKA, K. O., ONI, A. O. and AMOSUN, A. Y., 2008. A survey of backyard indigenous and exotic Turkey production in Abeokuta Metropolis. In Proceedings on the 13th Annual Conference of the ASAN, 709-710. Repositioning Animal agriculture for the Realization of national Vision 2020.
OZOUGWU, J. C., IMAKWU, C. A., EZIUZOR, S. C., EKELEME, J. E., OKEKE, O. P., AMANA, G. U., and OGBODO, J. C., 2021. Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes with Respect to Age, Sex and Breeds of Chicken Slaughtered at Eke Awka Market, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Biology, 11(1): 1-7 DOI: 10.9734/AJOB/2021/v11i130129
SHAMSUDDIN, M., and JASIM, M. K., 1981. Coccidia of some birds and mammals from Iraq. Bulletin of the Natural History Research Center, 7(4), 81-109.
TAGS A., 2018. Examination of feces. Int J Vet Sci Res s1: 045-050. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.s1.106
UDOH, N. A., LUKA, S. A., and PATRICK A. A., 2014. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domestic Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Linnaeus, (1758) Slaughtered in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 4(17): 105 – 109.
VERZANI, J. 2004. Using R for introductory statistics. Chapman and Hall/CRC. Publishing.pp.114.
YE, L., TAYLOR, G. P., and ROSADAS, C., 2022. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in medicine, 9, 832430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.832430 | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 478 PDF Download: 486 |
||||
