The philosophy of drawings on the ceiling in the royal tombs in the new Kingdom | ||||
| International Design Journal | ||||
| Article 8, Volume 12, Issue 5 - Serial Number 48, September and October 2022, Page 71-77 PDF (929.41 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/idj.2022.260319 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| Marwa Mahmoud Mohamed Hendi | ||||
| Department Art of history, Faculty of Fine Arts, University, Helwan, Country, Egypt, | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The ceilings of tombs in the eighteenth dynasty were covered with stars, whether yellow or white, on a blue or black ground, representing the sky, while the tomb of "Siti I" in the early dynasty represented a complete transformation in inscriptions, as it is the first cemetery fully engraved with colorful reliefs from the entrance to the wall Behind the stone sarcophagus, and in contrast to the decoration of the Seti tomb on the walls, we find that the ceilings are painted, not carved The ceiling of the burial chamber also contains astronomical scenes before the tomb of "Ramses III." These scenes consisted of the names and pictures of the constellations, and then included scenes from the books of heaven (the Book of Notes, the Book of Day, the Book of Night). . . In sum, there were many astronomical drawings that covered the ceilings of tombs and coffins in the modern state. The artist was often striving to show his artistic and creative touch that characterizes his art despite the stereotypical religious subjects, which he was obliged to depict and to repeat some of the elements necessary to show the subject of embodiment We find repetition of elements such as the female hippopotamus (Tarot), the bull, the lion, the various crocodiles, and the Horus falcon. However, the artists often had to make adjustments to suit the prevailing spatial conditions and artistic tools, such as the size of the tomb ceiling and the general decoration of the target area. For example, “Vibujar” and “Parker” proved that the artist who created the astronomical ceiling of the cemetery “Sinnamut” in Deir al-Bahari had developed his image From an old and popular model, but then gave way to artistic license so that a balanced scene is achieved that added to the spatial limits of the tomb ceiling, as there is no doubt that the main inspiration behind the astronomical drawings on Egyptian ceilings in tombs or on top of coffins is that the sky itself was a source Inspiration for the artist from an early age And that all these astronomical drawings that were found on the ceilings of tombs or the ceilings of coffins were placed there because they were considered of vital and functional importance to the rituals of the dead king and his transition to heaven, according to the religious beliefs of the Egyptians. Where the religious texts indicated, where the funerary religious texts indicated that the destination of the afterlife for the dead king was to be among the stars in the circle of the celestial constellations with the gods who would become one of them | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Astronomical Charts; Cemeteries Ceiling Scenes; Eternal Houses Ancient Egypt | ||||
| References | ||||
|
1. R.H. Allen, Star names. Their lore and meaning New York, 2. E. Aubourg, “La date de conception du zodiaque du temple d'Hathor à Dendera”, 3. BIFAO 4. J.A.Belmonte,“TheDecansandtheAncientEgyptianSkylore:AnAstronomer'sApproach”,Memoriedella SocietaAstronomica Italiana73, Vol. 5. J.A. Belmonte,“The Ramesside star clocks and the ancient Egyptian constellations”,UppsalaAstronomicalObservatoryreportonCalendars,Symbols,andOrientations:Legaciesof Astronomyin Culture(Uppsala). 6. J.A. Belmonte, “A Celestial Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament”, in EuropeanArchaeoastronomy and the Orientation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin,editdbyA.A.Maravelia,British ArchaeologicalReport(Oxford. 7. J.A.Belmonte,andMShaltout,“OntheorientationofancientEgyptiantemples:new experiments at the oases of the Western desert”, Journal for the History ofAstronomy,xxxvii 8. J.A. Belmonte, and M. Shaltout, “The astronomical ceiling of Senenmut: a dream ofmystery and imagination”, Proceedings of the SEAC conference on Lights andShadows in Cultural Astronomy, edited by M. Zedda and J. A. Belmonte (Dolianova, 9. W. Boll, and W. Gundel, “Sternbilder, Sternglaube und Sternsymbolik bei Griechen undRömern”,inRoscherW.H.(ed.),Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie, vol. VI (Leipzig,). 10.A.S. von Bomhard, The naos of the decades (Oxford). 11.S. Cauville, Dendara, Le Zodiaque d'Osiris (Leuven). 12.S. Cauville, Les chapelles osiriennes (Cairo). 13.J. Conman, “The round ceiling zodiac of the temple of Hathor at Denderah” in http://home.maine.rr.com/imyunnut/Den.Round.html. 14.R.A. Biegel, Zur Astrognosie der alten Ägypter (Zurich). 15.H. Chatley, “Egyptian Astronomy”, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 16.V.L. Davis, “Identifying Ancient Egyptian Constellations”,Archaeoastronomy 17.D.V.Etz,“ANewLookattheConstellationFiguresintheCelestialDiagram”,JournaloftheAmericanResearchCenterofEgyptxxxiv. 18.M.Isler,“AnAncientMethodofFindingandExtendingDirection”,JournaloftheAmericanResearchCenter ofEgyptxxvi. a. E.C.Krupp,Echoesoftheancientskies(NewYork). 19.Ch.Leitz,Studienzur gyptischeAstronomie(Wiesbaden).Ch.Leitz,AltägyptischeSternuhren(Leuven). 20.vonLieven,DerHimmelüberEsna,ÄA(Wiesbaden) 21.K.Locher,“AConjectureConcerningtheearlyEgyptianConstellationoftheSheep”, Archaeoastronomy 22.K. Locher, “New arguments for the celestial location of the decanal belt and the originsof the s: Ụ hieroglyph”, in Sesto Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia, Att. iiTorino. 23.K.Locher,“ProbableIdentificationoftheAncientEgyptianCircumpolarConstellations”,Archaeoastronomy 24.K. Locher, “The Ancient Egyptian Constellation Group ‘The Lion between the TwoCrocodilesand theBird”,Archaeoastronomy. 25.J. Lull, “Elplanisferio ptolemaico del templo de la diosa Hathor en Dendera: ¿unelementodedatación absoluta?”,Huygens. 26.J.Lull,“Identificationof anAncientEgyptianStar:tms n Ųntt ‘the red (star) ofKhentet'”,Göttinger Miszellen. 27.J. Lull, “Propuesta de identificación de estrellas y constelaciones egipcias de los relojesramésidas”,Huygens. 28.J. Lull, “Propuesta de identificación de estrellas y constelacionesegipcias de la listadecanaldeltechoastronómicodeSenenmutenDeirel-Bahari”,BoletíndelaAsociación Española deEgiptología. 29.J.Lull,LaastronomíaenelantiguoEgipto 30.J. Lull, “Los cúmulos estelares en las listas decanales y relojes ramésidas del antiguoEgipto”, in Trabajos de Arqueoastronomía: ejemplos de África, América, Europa yOceanía, edited byJ. Lull. 31.J. Lull, “La constelación de Mesjetiu (UMa) en el antiguo Egipto”, Astronomía 32.J.Lull,andJ.A.Belmonte,“AFirmamentAboveThebes:UncoveringtheConstellations of Ancient Egyptians”, Journal for the History of Astronomy xxxvii 33.P. Le Page Renouf, “Calendar of astronomical observations found in royal tombs of theXXth Dynasty”, Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 34.O.Neugebauer,andR.A.Parker,EgyptianAstronomicalTexts,Vols.i-iii(Providence, 35.R. Park, "The First Decan", in Current Research in Egyptology, edited by K. Griffin, 36.Pogo,“TheAstronomicalCeiling-decorationintheTombofSenmut(XVIIIDynasty)”,Isis 37.B.W.Sloley,“Primitivemethodsofmeasuringtime,withspecialreferencetoEgypt”, Journal ofEgyptian Archaeologyxvii 38.S. Symons, “A star's year: the annual cycle in the ancient Egyptian sky”, in Calendarsandyears:astronomyandtimeintheancientNearEast,editedby J.M.Steele | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 887 PDF Download: 1,039 |
||||
