STUDY THE EFFECT OF SOME ENGINEERING FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF WHEAT UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS | ||||
| Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Engineering | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 5, Issue 4, September 2022, Page 59-60 PDF (135.62 K) | ||||
| Document Type: original papers | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/maje.2022.264137 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| A. H. Eissa; M.A. Abdel Maksoud | ||||
| Prof. of Agric. & Bio Systems Eng, Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Wheat production and storage has become one of the most important issues facing Egypt at present and the future due to the lack of suitable storage structures, which leads to large losses in food grains. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in wheat grain quality that may occur during storage in different vertical cylindrical silos with identical dimensions and sizes provided with mechanical aeration strategy, fiberglass silo, (FG), plastic silo (PE), and galvanized steel (GS) silo. Freshly harvested grains of wheat variety (Giza 171) was stored in these silos for 12 months during the period from (June 2020 to June 2021) at the Department of Agricultural, Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University. Performance evaluation was done in comparison to conventional silos constructed from galvanized steel (GS) by monitoring temperature and relative humidity inside the silos at various locations inside the silos every hour. Samples were analyzed before storage and after every 2 months for observation the change in the quality of wheat grains in terms of physical parameters (grain moisture content, linear dimensions (length, width, and thickness), volume, calculated surface area, sphericity, bulk, and true density, porosity, and thousand grains weight), mechanical properties included angle of repose, static shear stress, hardness and coefficient of static friction against three structural surfaces (Plywood, galvanized iron, and rubber)., wheat quality properties including (protein content, wet gluten yield, dry gluten yield, falling number) and flour quality tests (Dough resistance (P), dough extensibility (L), dough strength (W) and P/L configuration ratio of the alveograph curve), observations revealed that aeration contributed to keeping the grain temperature inside all silos below the permissible limit for insect development and growth, and there was no or less infestation during this period. Temperature and relative humidity trends were similar in all silos. The temperature and relative humidity readings inside all three silos followed the trend of ambient conditions at varying rates across silo types due to the difference in the thermal conductivity coefficient of the manufacturing materials. The galvanized steel silo recorded the highest value of temperature (29.70 °C) followed by the fiberglass silo (27.60 °C) while the plastic silo recorded less value (26.80 °C). for the relative humidity the plastic silo recorded the highest value (58.43%) followed by the fiberglass silo (55.83 %) while the galvanized steel silo recorded less value (53.93 %) . Among the different wheat layers across silo types, the highest temperatures were found in the top layer and lowest in the bottom layer throughout the storage period. Wheat quality in (FG), (PE), and (GS) silos were found to be similar although at varying degrees, among the across silo types, the highest moisture content was found in the plastic silo ( 11.46 % ) followed by fiberglass silo (10.97 %) and lowest in galvanized steel silo (10.63%). There was a fluctuation in the physical and mechanical properties as a result of the fluctuation of the moisture content within the three silos, the maximum protein (12.90 %), wet gluten (30.23 %), dry gluten (10.33 %) dough resistance (P) (59.286 mm ), dough strength (W) (135 J ) and P/L configuration ratio of the alveograph curve (0.558) were recorded highest in grain samples collected from fiberglass bin followed by plastic bin and galvanized steel while dough extensibility (L) ( 113.57 mm), falling number (331.86 sec) was recorded highest in grain samples collected from galvanized steel bin followed by fiberglass bin and plastic bin. The quality properties of wheat grains remained within the reference range during the storage period and the wheat grain stored in the fiberglass bin showed better quality characteristics as compared to other storage methods. Hence, the adoption of fiberglass bins should be encouraged in the developing countries. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Wheat storage; fiberglass silo; plastic silo; galvanized steel silo; grain temperature and relative humidity; Mechanical aeration strategy; quality of wheat grains; physical properties; Mechanical properties; Dough rheology | ||||
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