The Neo-Mamluk style in architecture and interior design In Europe and Egypt in the Nineteenth Century | ||||
| International Design Journal | ||||
| Article 10, Volume 12, Issue 6 - Serial Number 49, November and December 2022, Page 119-141 PDF (4.15 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/idj.2022.266926 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| Inas Hosny Ibrahim Anous | ||||
| Assistant Professor, Interior Design and Furniture Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The "Neo-Mamluk" style appeared in Cairo and some European cities during the last years of the nineteenth century. It permeates all European art forms. It is a "modern Arabic style" that referred to the Mamluk era of the 13th -15th centuries although it was created by Europeans: architects, interior and furniture designers, painters, Islamic art lovers, and aristocratic collectors. This Neo-Islamic style has left its mark on the architecture and interiors of many houses and palaces in Cairo and Europe. With the modernization of Cairo during the time of Khedive Ismail and the demolition of old buildings, the main characteristic of the Neo-Mamluk style is the integration of fragments of historical decorations into modern architecture. Although it is a vast and important discipline, a limited number of scientific studies on the Neo-Mamluk style analyze its Cairo and European architectural achievements. Our presentation aims to identify the key factors in favor of the expansion of the Neo-Mamluk style in Europe, study the design philosophy of the nineteenth-century European pioneers of this style, and analyze the interior architecture of some key buildings in Cairo and Europe at that time. The study represents a significant contribution to the history of interior design, introducing scholars to the fascinating history of Neo-Mamluk architecture in Cairo and Europe and illuminating an important aspect of Orientalism. The methodology is based on a historical approach: the birth of the Neo-Mamluk style in Cairo and Europe in the 19th century, the main lines of Mamluk architecture and interior design, the Cairo architectural atmosphere as well as the European infatuation with the style, the effective role of European architects and artists living in Egypt in the extension of the Neo-Mamluk style. The research follows an analytical descriptive approach, which deeply describes and analyzes the interior architecture of some of the main Neo-Mamluk buildings in Egypt and Europe. This study demonstrates the European, especially French, efforts to revive this Mamluk taste in Egypt as well as in Europe, Egypt's contribution to the World Fairs in the 19th century, portrays an oriental image of Egypt on an international scale, The Neo-Mamluk style was inspired by the Mamluk style of the 13th and 15th centuries with some Ottoman traces, and it concretized the practice of reuse and replicas. To conclude, the "Neo-Mamluk" style has preserved a rich heritage that may have been lost, which is a feasible conservation strategy among others: this is the case of the Saint Maurice mansion in Cairo, of which a large and precious part of the decoration was dismantled and then reassembled to decorate the French embassy in Cairo, currently in Giza. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Neo-Mamluk style; Neo-Islamic style; Orientalism; reuse; Ambroise Baudry | ||||
|
Supplementary Files
|
||||
| References | ||||
|
1- Arnaud, J.L. (2002). Le Caire – Paris à la fin des années 1860. In Raymond André ; Panzac Daniel (Eds.), La France et l’Égypte à l’époque des vice-rois 1805-1882 (pp.279- 287). Institut français d’archéologie orientale. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01676665
2- Baillet, V., Mora, P., Cou, C., Tournon-Valiente, S., Volait, M., Granier., et al (2021, November). 3D for Studying Reuse in 19th Century Cairo: the Case of Saint-Maurice Residence. GCH 2021-Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage. Bournemouth, United Kingdom.DOI:10.2312/gch.20211414
3- Bideault, M. (2017 a). Iconographie du Caire dans les collections patrimoniales françaises. Paris : INHA. DOI : 10.4000/books.inha.4617
4- Bideault, M. (2017 b). Jules Bourgoin (1838-1908) : L’obsession du trait. Paris : INHA. DOI : 10.4000/books.inha.4569
5- Brasseur, G. (2014). Maury (B.), Raymond (A.) et Zakariya (M.) : Palais et maisons du Caire. II. Époque ottomane (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles). Aix-en -Provence : Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans. DOI : 10.4000/books.iremam.3291
6- Çelik, Z. (1992). Displaying the Orient: Architecture of Islam at Nineteenth-Century World's Fairs. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7- Cou, C., Volait, M., Mora, P., Granier, X., Pacanowski, R., & Guennebaud, G. (2019, December). A la redécouverte de L'hôtel particulier de Gaston Saint-Maurice Smart 3D [Poster communication]. Les rencontres du Consortium 3D SHS, Nantes. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02402398
8- Decléty, Lorraine (2001) La Représentation de l’architecture islamique à Paris au XIXe siècle. Thèse, École nationale des chartes, France, Paris.
9- Demeulenaere-Douyère, C. (2014a, April 29). Du Temple d'Hathor à la rue du Caire. L’Égypte au prisme des expositions universelles parisiennes (1867-1900) : un malentendu ? [Communication]. Colloque Voyager d'Égypte vers l'Europe et inversement : parcours croisés (1830-1950), Université du Caire (Faculté des lettres), Université de Lyon 2 (visioconférence).
10- Demeulenaere-Douyère, C. (2014b). L’Égypte, la modernité et les expositions universelles. Bulletin de la Sabix, 54 ,37-41. https://doi.org/10.4000/sabix.1108
11- Giese, F., Volait, M., & Braga, A. V. (Eds.) (2019). À l’orientale: Collecting, displaying and appropriating Islamic art and architecture in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Boston : Brill.
12- Grange, D. (2011). L’Égypte à l’Exposition universelle de 1867. Publications de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 22(1), 193-203.
13- Humbert, J. M. (2011). Le palais de l’Égypte à l’Exposition universelle de 1900. In L’architecte Marcel Dourgnon et l’Égypte, Paris, INHA.http://inha.revues.org/7008
14- Jarsaillon, C. (2018). Modern Egyptomania and Early Egyptology: The Case of Mariette’s 1867 Egyptian Temple. Nineteenth-century Contexts, 40(4), 359-376. DOI: 10.1080/08905495.2018.1484610
15- Marei, L. (2012). Revival of Mamluk architecture in the 19th & 20th centuries. Master's Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/873
16- Nour, A. (2017). Egyptian-French cultural encounters at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1867. MDCCC 1800, 6, 35-50. DOI :10.14277/2280-8841/MDCCC-6-17-3(journal article)
17- Oulebsir, N., & Volait, M. (2009). L'orientalisme architectural entre imaginaires et savoirs. Paris : Publications de l'Institut national d'histoire de l'art.
18- Torky, T. (2022). Mosquée et madrasa du sultan Qaytbay. Discover Islamic Art. Museum with No Frontiers, https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;isl;eg;mon01;12;fr
19- Volait, M. (1998a). L'Égypte d'un architecte : Ambroise Baudry, 1838-1906. Paris : Somogy Éditions d'art.
20- Volait, M. (1998b). "Les monuments de l’architecture arabe" vus par Pascal Coste.In Dominique Jacobi(Eds). Pascal Coste, toutes les Égypte (pp.97-131). Parenthèses/Bibliothèque municipale. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00957011
21- Volait, M. (2002). Amateurs français et dynamique patrimoniale : aux origines du Comité de conservation des monuments de l'art arabe. In Daniel Panzac et André Raymond (dirs.), La France et l’Égypte à l’époque des vice-rois 1805-1882(pp.311-326). Presses de l’IFAO. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005269
22- Volait, M. (2006). La rue du Caire, In Myriam Bacha (dir.), Les Expositions Universelles à Paris de 1855 à 1937(pp. 131-134). Délégation à l’action artistique de la ville de Paris. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005285
23- Volait, M. (2007). Passions françaises pour l’art mamelouk et ottoman du Caire (1867-1889). Rémi Labrusse. Purs décors ? Arts de l’islam, regards du XIXe siècle (pp.98-103). Paris : les Arts décoratifs / Musée du Louvre. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00653796
24- Volait, M. (2009). Fous du Caire : excentriques, architectes et amateurs d’art en Égypte (1867-1914). Montpellier : L’Archange Minotaure.
25- Volait, M. (2013a). Maisons de France au Caire : Le Remploi de Grands décors mamelouks et ottomans dans une architecture moderne. Le Caire: Institut francais d'archéologie orientale.
26- Volait, M. (2013b). Le Caire dessiné et photographié au XIXe siècle. Picard.
27- Volait, M., Delatour, J., Cazentre, T., & Bideault, M. (2017). Le Caire sur le vif. Beniamino Facchinelli photographe (1875-1895). Publications de l'Institut national d'histoire de l'art
28- Volait, M. (2016). Les intérieurs orientalistes du comte de Saint-Maurice et d’Albert Goupil : des "Cluny arabe" au Caire et à Paris à la fin du XIXe siècle. In Sandra Costa, Dominique Poulot, Mercedes Volait(Eds). The Period Rooms: Allestimenti storici tra arte, collezionismo et museologia (pp.103-114). Bononia University Press. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01508863
29- Volait, M. (2017a). De l’usage du remploi et du moulage : l’hôtel particulier du comte de Saint-Maurice.In Le Caire sur le vif. Beniamino Facchinelli photographe (1875-1895) (pp. 53-55). Publications de l’Institut national d'histoire de l’art. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.inha.7809.
30- Volait, M. (2017b). La collection d’art islamique d’Ambroise Baudry. In Le Caire Sur Le Vif. Beniamino Facchinelli Photographe (1875-1895) (pp. 59–61). Publications de l’Institut national d'histoire de l’art. DOI : 10.4000/books.inha.7759
31- Volait, M. (2017c). Le goût mamelouk au XIXe siècle : d’une esthétique orientaliste à un style national générique. In Mercedes Volait et Emmanuelle Perrin (dir.), Dialogues artistiques avec les passés de l’Égypte : Une perspective transnationale et transmédial. Paris: INHA. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.inha.7207.
32- Volait, M. (2019). Égypte représentée ou Égypte en représentation ? La participation égyptienne aux expositions universelles de Paris (1867) et de Vienne (1873). In Randa Sabry (dir.) Voyager d'Égypte vers l'Europe et inversement : Parcours croisés (1830-1950) (pp.425-441). Paris : Classiques Garnier. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01868334
33- Volait, M. (2020). Revival, replica, and reuse: fashioning' arabesque 'furniture in khedival Cairo. The Arabist. Budapest Studies in Arabic, 41, (PP. 229-243). https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02936980
34- Volait, M. (2021). Antique Dealing and Creative Reuse in Cairo and Damascus 1850-1890: Intercultural Engagements with Architecture and Craft in the Age of Travel and Reform. Brill.
Woo, B. (2020). Overview of Islamic Art and Architecture: The Mamluk Period (1250 – 1517). SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (SSRG-IJHSS), 7 (3), 11-15.DOI: 10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V7I3P104 | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,130 PDF Download: 1,086 |
||||
