Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis: Epigenetics and relationship with cancer hallmarks

Al Noshokaty, Tohada Mohamed; Mesbah, Noha; Abo-Elmatty, Dina Mohamed; Abulsoud, Ahmed Ibrahim; Abdel-Hamed, Asmaa Ramadan

doi:10.21608/rpbs.2022.168918.1180

	Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis: Epigenetics and relationship with cancer hallmarks
Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2022, Page 136-157 PDF (1.68 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/rpbs.2022.168918.1180
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Authors
Tohada Mohamed Al Noshokaty ¹; Noha Mesbah ²; Dina Mohamed Abo-Elmatty³; Ahmed Ibrahim Abulsoud⁴; Asmaa Ramadan Abdel-Hamed⁵
¹Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Heliopolis university.
²Professor of Biochemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
³Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
⁴Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
⁵Lecturer of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Abstract
On the global scale, primary liver cancer (PLC) is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in men, and the third most prevalent cause of death in both sexes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for almost 75% of the total cases among primary liver malignancies. Curative operations for HCC include liver resection, ablation, and transplantation. However, a timely diagnosis is required for these operations to be successful. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process and can be induced by molecular alterations at both the genetic and epigenetic levels. The characteristic pathogenesis mechanisms of HCC are abnormal signal transduction resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation, loss of apoptosis or programmed cell death, tissue invasion and metastasis allowing the spread of cancer, and finally angiogenesis which leads to the enhanced blood supply of tumors. In addition to epigenetic control of tumorigenesis. The p53 cell-cycle pathway, mutations in oxidative stress pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathways are of great important pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Crosstalk between these pathways may be targeted by anti-cancer medications.
Keywords
Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis; apoptosis; angiogenesis; proliferation; metastasis


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