Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study
Mersal, E., Morsi, A., Alakabawy, S., Elfawal, R., Sakr, E., Abdelmoneim, A., Alsabih, A., Ahmed, A., Alswiahib, S., Al Salem, F., Shawky, T. (2022). Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study. EKB Journal Management System, 65(131), 1353-1360. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258
Ezat Mersal; Ahmed A. Morsi; Shaimaa Alakabawy; Riham G Elfawal; Eman M. Sakr; Ahmed M. Abdelmoneim; Ahmed Othman Alsabih; Ahmed Hussein Ahmed; Saad Jamil Alswiahib; Fatimah Hussein Al Salem; Tamer Mohamed Shawky. "Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study". EKB Journal Management System, 65, 131, 2022, 1353-1360. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258
Mersal, E., Morsi, A., Alakabawy, S., Elfawal, R., Sakr, E., Abdelmoneim, A., Alsabih, A., Ahmed, A., Alswiahib, S., Al Salem, F., Shawky, T. (2022). 'Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study', EKB Journal Management System, 65(131), pp. 1353-1360. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258
Mersal, E., Morsi, A., Alakabawy, S., Elfawal, R., Sakr, E., Abdelmoneim, A., Alsabih, A., Ahmed, A., Alswiahib, S., Al Salem, F., Shawky, T. Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study. EKB Journal Management System, 2022; 65(131): 1353-1360. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258

Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol-A Residues in Wastewater Treatment Plants Outflow in Saudi Arabia: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Study

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 65, Issue 131, December 2022, Page 1353-1360  XML PDF (302.26 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.143376.6258
View on SCiNiTO View on SCiNiTO
Authors
Ezat Mersal email orcid 1; Ahmed A. Morsiorcid 2; Shaimaa Alakabawy3; Riham G Elfawal3; Eman M. Sakr4; Ahmed M. Abdelmoneim5; Ahmed Othman Alsabih6; Ahmed Hussein Ahmed7; Saad Jamil Alswiahib8; Fatimah Hussein Al Salem8; Tamer Mohamed Shawky9
1Assiut University
2Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
3Department of clinical sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges-Riyadh
4- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
5Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
6College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
7Assistant professor of mathematics of Basic Sciences, College of dentistry & nursing , Vision Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
8College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
9Departement of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Abstract
The aquatic system is unfortunately vulnerable to contamination by chemicals as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate esters (PAEs) that arise from plastic products frequently used. Water supply is limited in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, many wastewater-treatment plants (WTPs) have been established for wastewater recycling in industry and agricultural purposes. The current study updated and validated the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs (dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dioctyl phthalate (DOP)) in wastewater samples obtained from 5 wastewater treatment plants in 3 Saudi cities. Also, the study compared the concentrations of these chemicals in the secondary WTPs versus the tertiary ones. Chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the extraction of the chemicals in water samples. All measurements were exposed to comparison and correlation statistical analysis. Both DEHP and DBP were found in all obtained treated wastewater samples. Meanwhile, DOP, BBP, DEP, DMP, and BPA were identified in the following percent of samples, 74.1%, 80.2%, 84%, 84.1%, and 98.01% respectively. The levels of DMP (p ˂ 0.05), DOP, (p ˂ 0.05) and BPA (p ˂ 0.05) were higher in tertiary-treated water sample than those secondary.
Keywords
Aquatic system; wastewater treatment; water pollution; environmental sciences; agricultural irrigation
Statistics
Article View: 169
PDF Download: 167