مرجحات حمل لفظ الكراهية على التحريم في نصوص الإمام أحمد دراسة تأصيلية | ||||
| مجلة قطاع الشريعة والقانون | ||||
| Article 9, Volume 14, Issue 14, 2023, Page 627-670 PDF (1.84 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssl.2023.288455 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| عمر عبد الله الشهابي | ||||
| قسم الفقه وأصوله, كلية الشريعة, جامعة الكويت, الكويت. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| لفظ الكراهة من المصطلحات الأصولية التي اختلف استعمالها بين المتقدمين والمتأخرين، وقد استعمل الإمام أحمد مصطلح الكراهة في التحريم تورعًا من الجزم بلفظ التحريم، كما استعمل اللفظ في التنزيه في مواطن غير قليلة. وقد غلط كثير من منتسبي المذهب في تقرير مذهب الإمام أحمد بحمل مطلق لفظ الكراهة المنصوص عليه في كتب الرواية على اصطلاح المتأخرين القاضي بحمل المعنى على التنزيه. فجاءت هذه الدراسة مستقرئة كتب الرواية للإمام أحمد محاولة استنتاج المرجحات التي تتميز بها محامل لفظ الكراهة. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن ألفاظ الإمام أحمد الدالة على الكراهة منها ما ظهرت في محمله القرائن فوجب الحمل عليها . ومنها ماخفيت فيه القرائن ، فوجب المصير إلى المرجحات: كما خلصت الدراسة إلى ثلاث مرجحات يدرك بها ترجيح معنى التحريم على التنزيه: أحدها: أن تكون من مسائل الخلاف المعتبر. والثاني: أن يدل النص الشرعي بصريحه أو ظاهره على التحريم؛ إذ تقضي أصول مذهب الإمام أحمد بذلك. والثالث: أن يتفاوت حصول الوصف الذي يقتضي التحريم في الأصل منه في الفرع فيحصل التردد في تحقق الحفاظ مما يغلب الاعتياض عن لفظ التحريم بلفظ الكراهة. The term "hatred" is a fundamentalist term that has varied between applicants and latecomers. Imam Ahmad uses the term "hatred" in the taboo, with a variety of meanings applied in the word "prohibition". Many of the adherents of the sect have erred in deciding the sect of Imam Ahmad, using the term "hatred", which is mentioned in the novel, to describe late judges as having meaning over integrity. This study, which was written in the novel by Imam Ahmad, was an attempt to infer the probabilities of people who carry hate. The study concluded that Imam Ahmad's expressions of hatred, some of which appeared in the book of clues, had to be carried on. Some of them did not conceal the evidence, so the odds were on: The study also found three probabilities by which the preponderance of the meaning of prohibition on dishonesty was recognized: one was that it should be a matter of considerable disagreement. The second is that the legal text expressly or manifestly denotes prohibition; The fundamentals of Imam Ahmad's doctrine dictate this. Third, the description that originally required prohibition in the section should be different, giving rise to reluctance to achieve preservation, which tends to make the word prohibition more likely to be remiss. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| الكراهة; التحريم; الأحكام; التكليف; ترجيح. : Hate; Taboo; Judgments; Assignments; Weighting | ||||
| References | ||||
Source and reference list 1. Al-Ibhaj In explaining the curriculum, Ali bin Abdul Kafi al-Sabki (dead: 756 H) and his son Taj Abdul Wahab bin Ali al-Sabki (P 771 H), publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya - Beirut, first edition, 1404 H - 1984 A.D. 2. Judging in the Fundamentals of Judgments, Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmed bin Said bin Hazm (T 456 H), was met with the edition he achieved: Sheik Ahmed Mohamed Shaker, introduced to him: Professor Dr. Ihsan Abbas, publisher: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadida, Beirut 3. Judgment in the Fundamentals of Judgments, Ali Bin Mohammed Al-Amadi, commented on it: Abdel-Razaq Afifi, Publisher: Islamic Bureau (Damascus, Beirut), second edition, 1402 AH. 4. Originals of Jurisprudence, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Mufleh al-Maqdisi al-Hanbali (712-763 A.H.), by Dr. Fahd bin Muhammad al-Sadhan, publisher: Al-Ubaykan Library, first edition, 1420 H.-1999, Parts No. 4 5. Information of the signatories about the Lord of the Worlds: Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abi Bakr bin Ayyub, known as Ibn Qayim al-Jawziyyah (T751 H), Investigation: Abu Ubaidah Mashhur bin Hasan Al-Salman, publisher: Ibn al-Jawzi Publishing and Distribution House, Saudi Arabia, first edition, 1423 H 6. Fairness in the knowledge of Al-Rajeh from the dispute (printed with masked and large explanation), author: Aladdin Abul Hassan Ali Al-Mardaoui (885e), Investigation: Dr. Abdullah Al-Turki - Dr. Abdel Fattah Mohamed Al-Helou, publisher: Hajr. Printing, publishing, distribution and advertising, Cairo - Arab Republic of Egypt, first edition: 1415e - 1995 AD. 7. Fairness in the knowledge of the successful from the dispute, Alaa Al-Din Abu Al-Hassan Ali Bin Sulayman Al-Mardawi (T 885H), publisher: The Arab Heritage Revival House, second edition - without a date 8. The Beginning of the Diligent and the End of the Economist, Abu al-Waleed Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Qurtubi The Grandson (T 595H), publisher: Dar al-Hadith - Cairo, edition: No edition, publication date: 1425H - 2004. 9. Al-Sana'a' in the Order of Laws, Abu Bakr Bin Masoud Bin Ahmed Al-Kasani Al-Hanafi (T 587H), publisher: Scientific Books House, second edition, 1406H-1986, number of parts: 10. Proof in the Origins of Fiqh, Abdel Malik Al-Juwaini, Abu Al-Maali, nicknamed Imam of Al-Haramain (Q478H), Investigator: Salah Bin Mohammed Bin Oweida, Publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiya, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition: 1418H-1997.
11. The building explained the gift, author: Abu Muhammad Mahmud bin Ahmed Al-Hanafi Badr Al-Din Al-Aini (T 855H) 12. Citation of Facts Explaining the Treasure of Minutes and the Entourage of the Chalabi, Othman Bin Ali Al-Zilali Al-Hanafi (C743 e), Footnote: Shahabuddeen Ahmed Bin Mohammed Younis Al-Shalabi (C1021 e), Publisher: The Emiri Grand Press - Boulaq, Cairo Edition: I, 1313 H 13. Dr. Abdul Rahman Al-Jabirin, Dr. Awad Al-Qarni, Dr. Ahmed Al-Sarrah, Origin of the investigation: 3 doctoral theses - Department of the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence at the College of Sharia in Riyadh, publisher: Al-Rashid Library - Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, edition: I, 1421 E - 2000. 14. Investigation and Statement in Explanation of Proof in the Origins of Jurisprudence, author: Ali Bin Ismail Al-Abiari (T 616 H), Study and Investigation: Dr. Ali Bin Abdulrahman Bassam Al-Jazaeri, Ph.D., Ph.D., Publisher: Dar Al-Diya - Kuwait, First Edition, 1434 H - 2013. 15. Remembrance in Fiqh, author: Abu al-Wafa'a Ali bin Aqeel bin Muhammad bin Aqeel al-Baghdadi al-Hanbali (died in 513 A.H.), investigation and commentary: Dr. Nasser bin Saud bin Abdullah al-Salama, Judge of the Afif Court, publisher: Seville Publishing and Distribution House, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 16. Preamble in the Origins of Jurisprudence, Abu al-Khattab al-Kaludani al-Hanbali (432 - 510 A.H.), Investigation: Dr. Mufid Muhammad Abu Amsha, Dr. Muhammad bin Ali bin Ibrahim, Publisher: Center for Scientific Research and the Revival of Islamic Heritage - Umm al-Qura University, Dar al-Madani Printing, Publishing and Distribution, first edition: 1406 H - 1985 AD. 17. Refining of Answers, Abu Abdullah Al-Hassan Bin Hamid Al-Hanbali (T 403 e), Investigator: Mr. Sobhi Al-Samarrai, Publisher: The World of Books, Arab Renaissance Library, First Edition, 1408 H-1988. 18. Mosque of Science of Imam Ahmad Al-Fiqh, author: Khaled Al-Rabat, Sayed Ezzat Eid (with the participation of researchers at Dar Al-Falah), publisher: Dar Al-Falah for Scientific Research and Heritage Realization, Al-Fayoum - Arab Republic of Egypt, first edition, 1430 H - 2009. 19. Al-Khalouty's footnote on the end of wills, Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Ali al-Bahouti (T 1088 H), Investigation: Dr. Sami bin Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Abdullah al-Saqeer, Dr. Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Saleh al-Lehaydan, Publisher: Dar al-Nadwar, Syria, Edition: I, 1432 H-2011 . 20. Al-Rawd Al-Murabaat Husseini, Abd Al-Rahman Bin Mohammed Bin Qasim (C 1392H), First Edition - 1397H, Number of Parts: 7 21. Al-Tahtawi's footnote to Al-Falah's watchers explains Nour Al-Idhah, Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ismail Al-Tahtawi Al-Hanafi - Died 1231 A.H., Investigator: Mohamed Abd Al-Aziz Al-Khalidi, Publisher: Science Books House Beirut - Lebanon, Edition: First Edition 1418 H - 1997 22. Grand Hawi in the jurisprudence of the doctrine of the Imam Al-Shafi'i, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad, famous as Mawardi (C450), Investigator: Sheik Ali Moawad - Sheik Adel Ahmed Abdul Majud, publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alami, Beirut, Lebanon, first edition: 1419 H-1999. 23. Al-Muhtar replied to Al-Dur Al-Mukhtar, son of Abdeen, Mohamed Amin bin Omar Abidin Al-Damashki Al-Hanafi (C 1252 H), publisher: Library and Press Company of Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi and his children in Egypt (and photo by Dar Al-Fikr - Beirut), Second Edition, 1386 H = 1966. 24. Letter in the Origins of Fiqh, Abu Ali Al-Hassan Bin Shihab Bin Al-Hassan Al-Akbari Al-Hanbali (T 428 A.H.), Investigator: Dr. Muwafaq Bin Abdullah Bin Abd Al-Qader, Publisher: The Royal Library - Mecca, First Edition: 1413 A.H.-1992 25. Al-Rawd al-Murabaat Zad al-Moukana'a, Mansour bin Younis al-Buhouti, directed his speeches: Abd al-Qudous Mohammed Nazeer, publisher: Dar al-Mouayed, the al-Resala Foundation. 26. Rawda Al-Nazer and Al-Manazir Committee, Abu Muhammad Muwafaq Al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Qaddama (T 620H), publisher: Al-Rayyan Printing, Publishing and Distribution Corporation, second edition 1423H-2002 27. Al-Rawdha's Abbreviation, Sulayman bin Abdul Qawi bin Al-Karim Al-Tofi Al-Sarseri (716H), Investigator: Abdullah bin Abdul Mohsen Al-Turki, Publisher: Al-Resala Foundation, First Edition, 1407 H/1987. 28. Status of Fatwa, Mufti, and Mufti, Abu Abdullah Ahmad bin Hamdan Al-Hanbali (695H), Investigator: Mohamed Nasser Al-Din Al-Albany, Publisher: Islamic Bureau - Beirut, Third Edition, 1397 29. Grand Mufti and Grand Mufti, Najmuddin Ahmed bin Hamdan Al-Hanbali (603h - 695h), Investigator: Mustafa Al-Qabbani, Publisher: Dar Al-Sumaiyi Publishing and Distribution, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, First Edition, 1436h - 2015. 30. The Origin of the Jurisprudence, Judge Abu Ya'la, Mohamed Bin Al-Hussein Al-Farra (380 - 458 A.H.), achieved, commented on and came out with the text: Dr. Ahmed Bin Ali Bin Sir Al-Mubaraki, publisher: Without a publisher, second edition: 1410 H.-1990 A.D., number of parts: 5 31. Fath Al-Qadir Ali Al-Hidaya, Kamal Al-Din ibn Al-Hammam Al-Hanafi (died 861 A.H.), followed by: The continuation of the explanation of Fath Al-Qadir entitled: "The results of ideas in uncovering symbols and secrets," Shams Al-Din Ahmed (died 988 H), publisher: The Library and Press Company of Al-Babi Al-Halabi Refinery and His Children in Egypt (and photographed by Dar Al-Fikr, Lebanon), first edition, 1389 H = 1970 A.H. 32. Exhibits of Evidence in Origins, Mansour Bin Mohamed Al-Samaani (C 489), Investigator: Mohamed Hassan Al-Shafei, Publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiya, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition, 1418 H/1999 33. Book of Branches with Correction of Branches by Alaa Al-Din Ali Al-Mardawi, Mohamed Bin Mufleh B. Al-Hanbali (C. 763), Investigator: Abdullah Bin Abdul Mohsen Al-Turki, Publisher: Al-Resala Foundation, First Edition: 1424 H.-2003. 34. Uncovering the Mask on the Board of Persuasion, Mansur Bin Younis Bin Idris Al-Buhouti, Investigation: Hilal Meselhi, Publisher: The Modern Victory Library in Riyadh, Edition: Without a Print Date (but the most recent of these was Dr. Al-Turki in 1388 A.H.-1968 as in his book The Hanbali Doctrine). 35. The Arabic language, Mohammed bin Makram bin Ali ibn Manzoor (C711H), footnotes: Liazji and a group of linguists, publisher: Dar Sader - Beirut, 3rd edition - 1414H. 36. Simplified, Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Abi Sahl Shams Al-Umaima Al-Sarkhsi (T 483H), publisher: Dar Al-Maarafa - Beirut, edition: No Edition, publication date: 1414H - 1993 37. Matan Al-Khurqi, Abu Al-Qasim Umar Bin Al-Hussein Bin Abdullah Al-Khurki (C 334), publisher: Dar Al-Sahaba Heritage, edition: 1413 A.H.-1993. 38. Al-Kharaqi is a member of the Abu Abdullah Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Al-Shaybani Doctrine, Abu al-Qasim Umar Bin Al-Hussein Bin Abdullah Al-Kharki (C 334 A.H.), publisher: Dar Al-Sahaba Heritage, 1413 A.H.-1993. 39. Harvesting, Abu Abdallah Mohammed Bin Omar Al-Razi (T 606 H), study and investigation: Dr. Taha Jaber Fayyad Al-Alwani, publisher: Al-Resala Foundation, third edition, 1418 H-1997. 40. Entrance to the doctrine of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Abdelkader bin Ahmed bin Badran (1346H), Investigator: Dr. Abdullah bin Abdul Mohsen Al-Turki, Publisher: Al-Resala Foundation - Beirut, Second Edition, 1401H. 41. Malek Ben Anas (T 179H), Publisher: Science Textbook, First Edition, 1415H-1994. 42. The Hanbali Doctrine - Study in its History, Features, Most Famous Flags and Writings, Author: Abdullah bin Abdul Muhsin bin Abdul Rahman Al-Turki, Publisher: The Message Foundation Publishers, First Edition, 1423 A.H.-2002. 43. Questions of Ahmad Ben Hanbal Novel by his son Abdullah (T 241H), Investigation: Zuhair Chaouish, Publisher: Islamic Bureau - Beirut, first edition, 1401H 1981 44. Matters of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal Ibn Abi al-Fadl Salih novel (203H-266H), Investigation: Dr. Fazlur Rahman Din Muhammad, Publisher: Scientific House - Delhi, India, first edition, 1408H = 1988 AD. 45. Questions of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal and Isaac Bin Rahwayah, author: Isaac Bin Mansour Bin Bahram, Abu Yaqub Al-Marouzi, known as Al-Kosj (T 251H), publisher: Dean of Scientific Research, Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia, first edition, 1425H-2002. 46. Questions of Imam Ahmed Abu Dawood Sulayman Bin Al-Ashath Bin Ishaq Bin Bashir Bin Shadad Bin Amr Al-Azdi Al-Justani (T 275H), Investigation: Tariq Bin Awadallah Bin Mohamed, Publisher: Ibn Taymiyya Library, Egypt, first edition, 1420H-1999. 47. Doctrinal issues from the book The Two Faces, Judge Abu Ali, Investigator: Abdul Karim bin Mohamed Al-Lahem, Publisher: The Library of Knowledge, Riyadh, First Edition, 1405 A.H.-1985. 48. Doctrinal issues from the book The Two Faces, Judge Abu Ali, Investigator: Abdul Karim bin Mohamed Al-Lahem, Publisher: The Library of Knowledge, Riyadh, First Edition, 1405 A.H.-1985. 49. Questions of the War of the Kermani, author: Abu Muhammad Harb bin Ismail bin Khalaf al-Karmani (C280), PhD thesis - Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies - Umm al-Qura University, prepared: Faiz bin Ahmed bin Hamed Habas, Supervision: Fadilah al-Sheik Dr. Hussein bin Khalaf al-Juburi, 1422 H 50. Questions of the War of the Kermani, Abu Muhammad Harb bin Ismail bin Khalaf al-Karmani (T 280 H), Letter: Ph.D. - College of Sharia and Islamic Studies - Umm al-Qura University, prepared: Fayez bin Ahmed bin Hamed Habes, 1422 H 51. Questions of the War of the Kermani, Abu Muhammad Harb bin Ismail bin Khalaf al-Karmani (C280), Letter: PhD - Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Studies - Umm al-Qura University, prepared: Fayez bin Ahmed bin Hamid Habs, year: 1422 H 52. Questions of the Kermani War by the Imams: Ahmed Bin Hanbal and Isaac Bin Rahwayah, from saying: "The Door of Water That Does Not Forget Anything" to the latest book of purity Study and Investigation, Abu Muhammad Harb Bin Ismail Bin Khalaf Al-Karmani (280h), Letter: Ph.D.: Amer Bin Mohammad - Islamic University of Medina Al-Munawara - College of Sharia - Fiqh Department, 1432 - 1433h 53. Al-Karmani's War Issues From the First Prayer Book to the Imam's Gate Occurs in the Gideon of His Predecessors, A Study and Investigation, Abu Muhammad Harb bin Ismail bin Khalaf al-Karmani (C280), Investigation: Ahmed bin Ali al-Ghamdi, Department of Fiqh and Fundamentals, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. 54. Questions of war between Ismail al-Karmani (Purity and Prayer), author: Abu Muhammad Harb bin Ismail bin Khalaf al-Karmani (C 280 H), investigation: Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Saree, publisher: Al-Rayyan Foundation - Beirut, first edition, 1434 H-2013. 55. Al-Mustafa, Abu Hamid Mohammed Bin Mohamed Al-Ghazali Al-Tusi (C 505), Investigation: Mohamed Abdel Salam Abdel Shafi, Publisher: Scientific Books House, First Edition, 1413 A.H.-1993 56. Draft in Origins of Fiqh, author: Al Taymiyyah, collected and laid out: Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Abdul Ghani Al Harani al Damashki (C 745 e), Investigation: Mohamed Mohieddin Abdul Hamid, publisher: Madani Press. 57. Lamp Lit at Ghareeb Al-Sharh Al-Kabir, Ahmed Bin Mohammed Bin Ali Al-Fayoumi (770 H), publisher: Science Library - Beirut, number of parts: 2 58. Al-Tayyeb Al-Basri Al-Mutaizli (c. 436 A.H.-1044 A.D.), introduced and regulated by Khalil Al-Mees (director of Al-Azhar Lebanon), publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiya - Beirut 59. Lexicon of Language Standards, Ahmed Bin Faris Al-Razi, Abu Al-Hussein (T 395 A.H.), Investigator: Abdul Salam Muhammad Harun, Publisher: Dar Al-Fikr, Publishing Year: 1399 A.H. - 1979 A.D. 60. Singer, Muwafaq Al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah Bin Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Qaddama Al-Maqdisi (541-620 H), Investigator: Dr. Abdullah Bin Abdul Muhsin Al-Turki, Dr. Abd Al-Fatah Muhammad Al-Halu, Publisher: Dar Alam Al-Kutub Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Third Edition, 1417 H-1997 A.H. 61. Introduction Subject: Abu Al-Walid Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Rashid Al-Qurtubi (520h), Investigation: Dr. Muhammad Haji, Publisher: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition, 1408 A.H.-1988. 62. Fakhrieh Al-Mutairi, Taqi Al-Din Mohammed Bin Ahmed Al-Futuhi Al-Hanbali (972 H), Abdullah Bin Abdul Mohsen Al-Turki, publisher: Al-Resala Foundation, first edition, 1419 H-1999. 63. Al-Muta'a, Malek Bin Anas, corrected and numbered his conversations and commented on him: Mohamed Fouad Abdel Baqi, publisher: Arab Heritage Revival House, Beirut, Lebanon, year of publication: 1406 A.H.-1985. 64. Rare and Increments on the Blog from Other Mothers, author: Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin (Abu Zayd) Abdel Rahman Al-Nafzi, Al-Qayrawani, Al-Maliki (T 386H), Investigation: Dr. Abdel Fattah Mohammed Al-Halu, Dr. Muhammad Haji, et al., Publisher: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, first edition, 1999. 65. Proselytizing of Imam Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Hanbal, Abu al-Khattab Al-Kaludani, Investigator: Abd Al-Latif Hmeim - Maher Yassin Al-Fahl, Publisher: Grass Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, 1425 A.H./2004. 66. The proselytizing in the Beginning of the Beginner, author: Ali Bin Abi Bakr Al-Marghinani, Abul Hassan Burhanuddin (593h), Investigator: Talal Yusuf, Publisher: Dar Hayat Al-Heritage Al-Arabi - Beirut - Lebanon. 67. Author: Abu al-Wafa, Ali Bin Aqeel (T 513 e), Investigator: Dr. Abdullah Bin Abdul Mohsen Al-Turki, Publisher: Al-Resala Printing, Publishing and Distribution Foundation, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition, 1420 H-1999. | ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 410 PDF Download: 270 |
||||
