أثر التطبيقات الرقمية في إثبات الطلاق والرجعة دراسة فقهية تطبيقية | ||||
| مجلة قطاع الشريعة والقانون | ||||
| Article 12, Volume 14, Issue 14, 2023, Page 831-892 PDF (2.4 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jssl.2023.288458 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| علي محمد علي مهدي عثمان | ||||
| قسم الشريعة الإسلامية، كلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنين بالقاهرة، جامعة الأزهر, جمهورية مصر العربية. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| في ظل الانتشار الهائل للتطبيقات الرقمية، المتمثلة في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ( الواتس آب- فيس بوك - ماسنجر – تليجرام .... الخ) واعتماد الناس عليها في حياتهم العادية في مختلف المجالات، حتى أصبحت هذه التطبيقات جزءًا من الحياة العادية، ونتج عن استعمال هذه التطبيقات العديد من الإشكالات الفقهية، ومنها مدى كيفية الاعتماد على هذه التطبيقات في إثبات الطلاق والرجعة، والبحث تعرض لتأصيل هذه النازلة في ضوء نصوص الشريعة ومقاصدها، وبالتخريج على نصوص الفقهاء مع تنقيح المناط، وقد تعرضت في هذا البحث لبيان وسائل إثبات الطلاق والرجعة في الفقه الإسلامي، وقانون الأحوال الشخصية المصري، كما تعرضت بالتفصيل والتأصيل لبعض النوازل الفقهية، والتي منها إرسال الزوج لزوجته رسائل صوتية أو مصورة أو كتابية بالطلاق ، ومدى إمكان الاعتداد بهذه الرسائل في إثبات الطلاق وكذا إثبات الرجعة، وخلص البحث في مجمله إلى أنَّ هذه الرسائل ليست بمفردها حجة قاطعة في إثبات الطلاق أو الرجعة ولكنها قرينة في الجملة، وهذه القرينة ليست في مرتبة واحدة، وإنما هي على مراتب متعددة فقد تقوى وتصير حجة عندما يقر الزوج بها، وقد تضعف عندما ينكر الزوج صدورها منه لا سيما في الرسالة المكتوبة وبينهما مراتب متعددة يمكن معرفة حكمها في ضوء ما يتعرض له البحث تفصيلا وتأصيلا ، والله من وراء القصد. In light of the enormous spread of digital applications, such as social media (WhatsApp, Facebook, Messenger, Telegram, etc.) and people's reliance on them in their normal lives in various fields, these applications have become part of normal life, and the use of these applications has resulted in a number of jurisprudential problems, including the extent to which these applications were used to prove divorce and return, and research has been subjected to the establishment of this crisis in light of the texts of Sharia and its purposes, and to graduating from the texts of jurists with revision of regions. In this research, it has been exposed to the means of proof of divorce and revision in Islamic jurisprudence, as well as personal status law. It has also been subjected to detail and the details of some jurisprudential barriers, including the sending of a husband to send his wife letters of voice, graphic or written divorce, and to prove the divorce in writing This argument may become stronger when the husband acknowledges it. It may weaken when the husband denies the issue of it, especially in the written letter. There are many ranks between which the judgment can be determined in the light of what is discussed in detail and in detail. God is behind the intention behind it. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| التطبيقات الرقمية; الطلاق; الرجعة; إثبات; التحول الرقمي. Digital Applications; Divorce; Return; Proof; Digital transformation | ||||
| References | ||||
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أولا: القرآن الكريم. ثانيا: كتب الحديث وعلومه:
ثالثا: كتب الفقه: (أ) المذهب الحنفي:
10. الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي، المؤلف: علي بن أبي بكر بن عبد الجليل الفرغاني المرغيناني، أبو الحسن برهان الدين (المتوفى: 593هـ)، المحقق: طلال يوسف، الناشر: دار احياء التراث العربي - بيروت - لبنان. (ب) المذهب المالكي:
10. لوامع الدرر في هتك أستار المختصر [شرح «مختصر خليل» للشيخ خليل بن إسحاق الجندي المالكي (ت: 776 هـ)]، المؤلف: محمد بن محمد سالم المجلسي الشنقيطي (1206 - 1302 هـ)، تصحيح وتحقيق: دار الرضوان، راجع تصحيح الحديث وتخريجه: اليدالي بن الحاج أحمد، الناشر: دار الرضوان، نواكشوط- موريتانيا، الطبعة: الأولى، 1436 هـ - 2015م. 11. المدونة، المؤلف: مالك بن أنس بن مالك بن عامر الأصبحي المدني (المتوفى: 179هـ)، الناشر: دار الكتب العلمية،الطبعة: الأولى، 1415هـ - 1994م. 12. مسائل أبي الوليد ابن رشد (الجد)، المؤلف: أبو الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن رشد القرطبي (المتوفى: 520هـ)، تحقيق: محمد الحبيب التجكاني، الناشر: دار الجيل، بيروت - دار الآفاق الجديدة، المغرب، الطبعة: الثانية، 1414 هـ - 1993 م. 13. مواهب الجليل في شرح مختصر خليل، المؤلف: شمس الدين أبو عبد الله محمد ابن محمد بن عبد الرحمن الطرابلسي المغربي، المعروف بالحطاب الرُّعيني المالكي (المتوفى: 954هـ) الناشر: دار الفكر، الطبعة: الثالثة، 1412هـ - 1992م. 14. النَّوادر والزِّيادات على مَا في المدَوَّنة من غيرها من الأُمهاتِ، المؤلف: أبو محمد عبد الله بن (أبي زيد) عبد الرحمن النفزي، القيرواني، المالكي (المتوفى: 386هـ)تحقيق: مجموعة علماء، الناشر: دار الغرب الإسلامي، بيروت، الطبعة: الأولى، 1999 م. (ج) المذهب الشافعي:
10. نهاية المحتاج إلى شرح المنهاج، المؤلف: شمس الدين محمد بن أبي العباس أحمد بن حمزة شهاب الدين الرملي (المتوفى: 1004هـ)، الناشر: دار الفكر، بيروت الطبعة:1404هـ/1984م. 11. نهاية المطلب في دراية المذهب، المؤلف: عبد الملك بن عبد الله بن يوسف بن محمد الجويني، أبو المعالي، ركن الدين، الملقب بإمام الحرمين (المتوفى: 478هـ)، حققه وصنع فهارسه: أ. د/ عبد العظيم محمود الدّيب، الناشر: دار المنهاج، الطبعة: الأولى، 1428هـ-2007م. (د) المذهب الحنبلي:
(ه) الفقه العام والفتاوى:
رابعا: المواقع الالكترونية:
https://www.egypt.gov.eg/arabic/laws/personal/chp_three/part_one.aspx
https://www.cc.gov.eg/judgment_single?id=111131115&ja=40799
https://www.azhar.eg/details/ArtMID.
https://www.myheritage.com/deep-nostalgia?lang=AR.
https://www.alarabiya.net/technology/2021/03/07/%D8%AA%D8%AD%
Source and reference list First, the Holy Koran.
Secondly, the Hadith and its sciences were written:
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The Fiqh Books:
(a) Hanafi:
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(b) Maliki Doctrine:
1. in the Salk language, to the nearest paths to the doctrine of the Imam Malek. He is known as the Al-Sawi Entourage for the Small Explanation (The Little Explanation is Sheik Al-Dardier's Explanation of His Book Called The Closest Path to the Doctrine of Imam Malik), author: Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Sawi Al-Maliki, corrected it: A Committee headed by Sheik Ahmed Saad Ali, publisher: The Library of Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi, Year of Publication: 1372 H-1952 AD.
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3. The crown and the crown to Khalil's abbreviation, the author Mohammed Bin Yousef Bin Abi Al-Qasim Al-Abduri Abu Abdallah, the year of death 897, the publisher Dar Al-Fikr, the year of publishing 1398, the place of publishing in Beirut.
4. Clarification of Judgments Illustrated by The Referee's Masterpiece, Author: Othman Ben Al Mekki Al Tozari Al Zubeidi, Publisher: The Tunisian Press, First Edition, 1339.
5. Author: Abu Bakr Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Younis Al-Tamimi Al-Sicily (deceased: 451 e), Investigator: Group of Researchers in Doctoral Letters, Publisher: Institute of Scientific Research and the Revival of Islamic Heritage - Umm Al-Qura University (Recommended University Letter Series), Distribution: Dar Al-Fikr Printing, Publishing and Distribution, First Edition: 1434 e-2013.
6. Author: Abu Bakr Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Younis Al-Tamimi Al-Sicily (deceased: 451 e), Investigator: Group of Researchers in Doctoral Letters, Publisher: Institute of Scientific Research and the Revival of Islamic Heritage - Umm Al-Qura University (Recommended University Letter Series), Distribution: Dar Al-Fikr Printing, Publishing and Distribution, First Edition: 1434 e-2013.
7. Al-Desouki's footnote on the large commentary, author: Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Arafa al-Desouki al-Malki (dead: 1230H), publisher: Dar al-Fikr.
8. Khalil's abbreviation for al-Kharshi, author: Mohammed bin Abdullah al-Kharshi al-Maliki Abu Abdullah (Deceased: 1101H), publisher: Dar al-Fikr Printing - Beirut.
9. Al-Kafi in the jurisprudence of the people of the city, author: Abu Omar Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdulbarr bin Asim al-Nimri al-Qurtubi (dead: 463 A.H.), investigator: Mohamed Mohamed Ahid Ould Madek al-Mauritani, publisher: Modern Riyadh Library, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, second edition: 1400 A.H./1980.
10. Lua Al-Darr in Hatak Ustar Al-Mukhtasar [Explanation of "Khalil's Abbreviation" by Sheik Khalil Bin Isaac Al-Gendi Al-Malki (T: 776 H)], author: Mohammed Bin Mohamed Salem Al-Majlesi Al-Shingiti (1206-1302 E), correction and investigation: Dar Al-Radwan, see Correction and Graduation: Al-Hadith Ahmed, publisher: Dar Radwan, Nouakchott - Mauritania, first edition, 1436 H - 2015.
11. Blogger, author: Malek bin Anas bin Malek bin Amer al-Asbahi al-Madani (dead: 179 A.H.), publisher: Scientific Books House, first edition, 1415 A.H. - 1994.
12. Questions of Abu al-Walid ibn Rushd (grandfather), author: Abu al-Walid Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Rashid al-Qurtubi (dead: 520h), investigation: Muhammad al-Habib al-Tikani, publisher: Dar al-Gel, Beirut, Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah, Morocco, second edition: 1414 H-1993.
13. Talents of Galil in a brief explanation of Khalil, author: Shams Eddin Abu Abdallah Mohammed Ibn Muhammad Bin Abd El-Rahman Al-Trabulsi (Morocco), known as Al-Hattab Al-Maliki (Deceased: 954H) Publisher: Dar Al-Fikr, 3rd edition, 1412H-1992.
14. Rare & Rewards on Blog from Other Mothers, author: Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin (Abu Zayd) Abdel Rahman Al-Nafzi, Al-Qayrawani, Al-Maliki (Deceased: 386H)Investigation: The Group of Scholars, publisher: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, first edition: 1999.
(j) Shafi'i doctrine:
1. Mother, author: Al-Shafi'i Abu Abdallah Mohammed Bin Idris Bin Al-Abbas Bin Othman Bin Shafi Bin Abd Al-Muttalib Bin Abd Manaf Al-Qurashi Al-Makki (Dead: 204H), publisher: Dar Al-Maarafa - Beirut, publication year: 1410H/1990
2. Bahr el Madhab (in branches of the Shafi'i sect), author: Al-Ruwayani, Abu al-Muhasin Abd al-Wahid bin Ismail (502 e), Investigator: Tarek Fathi al-Sayed, Publisher: Scientific Books House, first edition, 2009.
3. The masterpiece of the Needy in explaining the curriculum, by Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Hajar al-Hitmi, reviewed and corrected: on several copies by a committee of scholars, publisher: The Great Commercial Library of Egypt by its owner Mustafa Mohamed, Year of Publication: 1357 H-1983.
4. The Grand Hawi in the jurisprudence of the doctrine of Imam Al-Shafi'i is a brief explanation of Al-Mazni, the author: Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Mohammed bin Habib al-Basri al-Baghdadi, famous for Mawardi (dead: 450h), Investigator: Sheik Ali Mohammed Moawad - Sheik Adel Ahmed Abdul Majud, Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya, Beirut, Lebanon, first edition: 1419h-19999.
5. Rawda Al-Talabin and the Mayor of Al-Muftis, author: Abu Zakariya Mohieddin Yahya Bin Sharaf Al-Nawawi (Dead: 676H), Investigation: Zuhair Al-Shawish, publisher: Islamic Bureau, Beirut-Damascus-Amman, 3rd edition, 1412H/1991.
6. The Brightly Jealous in Explaining Pink Joy, author: Zakaria bin Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Zakariya al-Ansari, Zainuddin Abu Yahya al-Seniki (Deceased: 926H), publisher: The Yemeni Press.
7. The total was polite with the complement of Al-Sabki and Al-Mutai, the author: Abu Zakariya Mohieddin Yahya Ibn Sharaf Al-Nawawi (Dead: 676H), the publisher: Dar Al-Fikr.
8. Abbreviation: Al-Mazni (published in Arabic), Dar Al-Maarafa, Beirut, Year of Publication: 1410 A.H./1990.
9. Singer in need of knowledge of the meanings of the Minhaj, author: Shams Eddine, Mohammed bin Ahmed Al-Khatib Al-Sherbini Al-Shafei (dead: 977h), publisher: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiya, first edition, 1415h-1994.
10. End of the Need to Explain the Curriculum, author: Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Abi al-Abbas Ahmad bin Hamza Shihab al-Din al-Ramli (Deceased: 1004H), publisher: Dar al-Fikr, Beirut Edition: 1404H/1984.
11. The end of the demand in the knowledge of the doctrine, author: Abdul Malik bin Abdullah bin Yousef bin Muhammad al-Juwaini, Abu al-Maali, Rukn al-Din, nicknamed Imam of the Two Holy Mosques (Deceased: 478H), achieved and made his catalogs: A. D. Abdel Azim Mahmoud al-Deeb, publisher: Dar al-Manhaj, first edition: 1428H-2007.
(d) The Hanbali doctrine:
1. The large explanation on board the masked one, author: Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Qudamah Al-Maqdisi Al-Jamaili Al-Hanbali, Abu Al-Faraj, Shams Al-Din (Deceased: 682H), publisher: The Arab Book Publishing and Distribution House, supervised its printing: Mohammed Rashid Rida Al-Manar.
2. Al-Kafafi fi Fiqh Al-Imam Ahmad, author: Abu Muhammad Muwafaq Al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Qudamah Al-Jamaili Al-Maqdisi then Al-Damashki Al-Hanbali, famous as Ibn Qaddama Al-Maqdisi (died: 620H), publisher: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alami, first edition: 1414H-1994 AD.
3. The Mask Unveiled On The Board of Persuasion, author: Mansour bin Younis bin Salaheddin bin Hassan bin Idris al-Buhti Al-Hambali (deceased: 1051h), publisher: Science Textbook House.
4. Singer of Fiqh al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Shaybani, author: Abu Muhammad Muwafaq al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Qudamah al-Jamaili al-Maqdisi and then al-Damashki al-Hanbali, alias Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi (dead: 620h) Publisher: Dar al-Fikr - Beirut, first edition, 1405.
(h) General doctrine and advisory opinions:
1. Consensus, author: Mohamed Bin Ibrahim Bin Mundhir Al-Nishaburi, investigation and study: Dr. Fouad Abdel Moneim Ahmed, publisher: Dar Al-Moslim for publishing and distribution, first edition: Dar Al-Muslim, 1425 H/2004
2. Persuasion in Matters of Consensus, author: Ali bin Mohammed bin Abdulmalik al-Katami al-Himiri al-Fassi, Abul Hassan ibn al-Qattan (Deceased: 628H), Investigator: Hassan Fawzi al-Saidi, Publisher: Modern Farouq for Printing and Publishing, first edition: 1424H-2004.
3. Fatwas Ibn Al-Salah, author: Othman Bin Abd Al-Rahman, Abu Amr, Taqi Al-Din, known as Ibn Al-Salah (Deceased: 643 A.H.), Investigator: Dr. Muwafaq Abdullah Abdul Qader, Publisher: Library of Science and Governance, World of Books - Beirut, first edition: 1407.
4. Indian Fatwas, author: A Committee of Scholars Headed by Nizamuddin Al Balkhi, publisher: Dar Al Fikr, second edition, 1310 h.
5. Consensus in Worship, Transactions and Beliefs, author: Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmed bin Said bin Hazm al-Andalusi al-Qurtubi al-Zahiri (dead: 456h), publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Alami - Beirut.
Fourth: Websites
1. Egyptian Government portal - Personal Status Law, link: https://www.egypt.gov.eg/arabic/laws/personal/chp_three/part_one.aspx
2. Egyptian Court of Cassation website Link: 08/06/2010 Link: https://www.cc.gov.eg/judgment_single?id=111131115&ja=40799
3. Al-Azhar website: https://www.azhar.eg/details/ArtMID.
4. MyHeritage links:
https://www.myheritage.com/deep-nostalgia?lang=AR.
5. Al Arabiya website, link:
https://www.alarabiya.net/technology/2021/03/07/%D8%AA%D8%AD%
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