معايير التزام العامل بعدم منافسة صاحب العمل في ضوء التشريع المقارن وأحكام محكمتي النقض الفرنسية والتمييز الكويتية | ||||
مجلة قطاع الشريعة والقانون | ||||
Article 30, Volume 14, Issue 14, 2023, Page 2193-2235 PDF (2.3 MB) | ||||
Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/jssl.2023.288484 | ||||
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Author | ||||
عبدالمجيد خلف منصور العنزي | ||||
قسم القانون, أكاديمية سعد العبد الله للعلوم الأمنية, دولة الكويت. | ||||
Abstract | ||||
يعتبر الالتزام الناشئ عن شرط عدم المنافسة التزاما اتفاقيا يتم بتراضٍ بين طرفي عقد العمل، يسعى من خلاله صاحب العمل إلى حماية مصالحه المتمثلة بعدم اجتذاب عملائهم أو الإفشاء بالأسرار التي اطلع عليها العامل أثناء العمل لديه، إلا أنه في ذات الوقت يشكل تعديا على مبدأ حرية العمل. فجاءت هذه الدراسة لتحقيق التوازن بين حماية حرية العامل في اختيار عمله وحق صاحب العمل في حماية مصالحه المشروعة، وضبط شروط عدم المنافسة في عقود العمل وتحديد معايير صحتها، من خلال ما أخذت به بعض التشريعات المقارنة وما استقرت عليه السوابق القضائية لمحكمة النقض الفرنسية. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لنصوص العمل الكويتي والتشريع المقارن، مع استعراض أحكام محكمتي التمييز الكويتية والنقض الفرنسية وبيان موقفها من شرط عدم المنافسة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج منها: أن شرط عدم المنافسة يعد شرطا شكليا لا ينتج أثرا ما لم يرد في اتفاق كتابي، وأنه يجب أن يكون محددا من حيث المكان والزمان والنشاط وإلا اعتبر باطلا، كما يلزم تعويض العامل عن التزامه بعدم منافسة العامل بتعويض عادل يتناسب مع نطاق حظر العمل. وإذا أخل العامل بالتزامه بعدم المنافسة قامت مسؤوليته العقدية، مما يسمح لصاحب العمل بالمطالبة بالشرط الجزائي في حال الاتفاق عليه، أو مطالبة العامل بالتنفيذ العيني لالتزامه مع التعويض في حال لحقه ضرر، كما تقوم مسئولية صاحب العمل الذي تعاقد مع العامل مع علمه بوجود شرط عدم المنافسة. The obligation arising from the non-competition clause is a treaty obligation undertaken by the consent of the parties to the contract of employment, whereby the employer seeks to protect its interests by not attracting their customers or disclosing the secrets that the employee has been exposed to while working, but at the same time constitutes an infringement of the principle of freedom of work. This study was designed to strike a balance between protecting the freedom of the worker to choose his or her own employment and the right of the employer to protect his or her legitimate interests, and to regulate the conditions of non-competition in employment contracts and determine the criteria for their validity, through the introduction of some comparative legislation and the established jurisprudence of the French Court of Cassation. The study was based on the analytical descriptive method of Kuwaiti labor texts and comparative legislation, reviewing the judgements of the Kuwaiti Courts of Cassation and the French Cassation Court and its position on the non-competition clause. The study concluded, inter alia, that the non-competition clause is a formality requirement that produces no effect unless it is contained in a written agreement, that it must be specific in terms of place, time and activity or be considered invalid, and that the worker must be compensated for his obligation not to compete with just compensation commensurate with the scope of the prohibition of work. If the worker breaches his obligation not to compete, his contractual liability is performed, allowing the employer to claim the penalty clause if agreed, or the worker to perform in kind his obligation to compensate in the event of damage, and the employer who hired the worker with knowledge of the non-competition clause. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
قانون العمل، التزام ، المنافسة، مسؤولية، تعويض. Labor law; Obligation; Competition; Liability; Compensation | ||||
References | ||||
أولا: المراجع العربية:
ثانيا/ المراجع الأجنبية:
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