Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge
Radwan, S., Azouz, A., Abdel Samad, S., El-Khabeary, H. (2023). Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge. EKB Journal Management System, 51(1), 73-100. doi: 10.21608/ejphysics.2023.189836.1086
Samah Ibrahim Radwan; Ahmed Azouz; Salem Abdel Samad; Hesham El-Khabeary. "Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge". EKB Journal Management System, 51, 1, 2023, 73-100. doi: 10.21608/ejphysics.2023.189836.1086
Radwan, S., Azouz, A., Abdel Samad, S., El-Khabeary, H. (2023). 'Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge', EKB Journal Management System, 51(1), pp. 73-100. doi: 10.21608/ejphysics.2023.189836.1086
Radwan, S., Azouz, A., Abdel Samad, S., El-Khabeary, H. Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge. EKB Journal Management System, 2023; 51(1): 73-100. doi: 10.21608/ejphysics.2023.189836.1086

Modification of Paschen's Law for Electrodes with Different Shapes and Materials using DC Nitrogen Glow Discharge

Egyptian Journal of Physics
Volume 51, Issue 1, 2023, Page 73-100  XML PDF (2.64 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejphysics.2023.189836.1086
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Authors
Samah Ibrahim Radwan email orcid 1; Ahmed Azouz2; Salem Abdel Samad3; Hesham El-Khabeary1
1Accelerators and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt
2Avionics Department, Electrical Engineering Branch, Military Technical College, Kobry El-Kobba, Egypt
3Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt
Abstract
In this manuscript, d.c. glow discharge of conical, hemispherical, and spherical electrodes made of different materials was measured using nitrogen gas. The electrodes' materials from aluminum, graphite, and stainless steel were used. From the experimental results, the work function of anode and cathode materials with different shapes play an important role in the electrical discharge characteristics and Paschen curves. It was found that the cathode material with a low work function and large surface area became a control factor in the determination of the low breakdown voltage (Vb)minimum values. In addition, the work function of different materials for conical anode or conical cathode with hemispherical and spherical cathode or anode had the minimum values of breakdown voltages. In Paschen curves, the hemispherical anode and cathode with the same and different materials gave a small difference in their values. The conical stainless steel cathode gave the lowest values of Paschen curve in a comparison between different materials of conical cathodes in cases of hemispherical aluminum anode and spherical graphite one. In addition, the conical graphite anode gave the lowest values of Paschen curve in case of the hemispherical aluminum cathodes. The modified Paschen's law indicated that the breakdown voltage was not only as a function in the product of gas pressure and inter-electrode distance but also the ratio of materials' work functions and surface areas of electrodes. It was deduced in a general formalism according to the materials and shapes of cathodes for discharge cases having the same (Vb)min. value.
Keywords
Paschen's law; minimum breakdown voltage; gas discharge; glow electrical discharge
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