The political relationships between kingdoms of Jorda and Andarig according to Mari’s records ( before the rise of Hammurabi’s empire in Mesopotamia) العلاقات السياسية بين مملکتي جوردا وأن- دارج من خلال سجلات ماري (قبل قيام امبراطورية حمورابي فيما بين النهرين). | ||||
| حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى" | ||||
| Article 14, Volume 19, Issue 19, 2016, Page 342-370 PDF (476.1 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/cguaa.2016.29535 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| Heba Mohammed | ||||
| • Lecturer of history and civilization of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Near East. Department of History- Faculty of Arts- Aswan University | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The Assyria during the reign of king "Shamshi-Adad I" in control of a large part of kingdoms in northern Mesopotamia, and after his death, these kingdoms began with secession and independence from the Assyrian state is the most important of these kingdoms (Andarig) and (Jorda) the subject of the search, was among them relations characterized tidal result of geographical proximity and ambitious both in control of the Mesopotamia, especially the city of "Shubat- Enlil," while at the same time was the king of Mary "Zimri- Lim" trying to control these kingdoms, whether incorporated him into an alliance or an attempt to control. He was the king of Babylon (Hammurabi) has a major role in the menu on the scene, and interfere in relations between the two kingdoms, At first characterized the relations between the two kingdoms (Andarig- Jorda) with affection and they entered into an alliance with Mari during the reign of King Andarig "Qarni-Lim" and the king of Jorda "Simah -Ilany "to control " shubat- Enlil"thenquicklythat this relationship turned into a runner because of conspired king Jorda against Mari, and remained hostile relations between the king Andarig " Qarni-Lim " and the successor "Simah-Illany " called " Bunu-Ishtar "and continued tense relations between the two kingdoms during eras of kings until the end of the two kingdoms. It is noted by the relations between the two kingdoms that Andarig is always the strongest of the Kingdom of Jorda in spite of the similarity of the geographical conditions of the two kingdoms, where the ambitions of kings is greater than the kings of Jorda, who did not advance beyond the corridors of Mount Sinjar, so it has always been the relations between them tense and conflicts list where every time to be the kings of the traffic Andarig pass through Jorda to control Mesopotamia. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Jorda- Andarig- Mari- Babylon- Ešnunna- Elam; "جوردا"- "أن-دارج"- "مارى"- "بابل"- "اشنونا"- "عيلام" | ||||
| References | ||||
|
قائمة المراجع: أولاً_المراجع العربیة: 1-طه باقر، مقدمة فی تاریخ الحضارات القدیمة, ج1, بغداد 1973, ص 369. 2-محمد بهجت القبیسى: الأکراد والنبى, دراسة فى تاریخ الأکراد وجغرافیتهم, دمشق, 2014. 2- محمد بهجت القبیسى: حضارة واحدة أم حضارات فى الوطن العربى القدیم, دمشق,2008. 3-محمد عبد اللطیف محمد على : سجلات مارى وماتلقیه من أضواء على التاریخ السیاسى لمملکة مارى, الإسکندریة, 1985. ثانیاً- المراجع الأجنبیة: 1- Ahmed, K, M, The beginnings of ancient Kurdistan (c. 2500-1500 BC) : a historical and cultural synthesis, in, 2012.
2- Anbar, M., Les Tribus Amurrites de Mari. Freiburg:Uni versitats verlag, 1991.
3- Anbar, M., «Les relations entre Zimri-Lim, roi de Mari, et Qarni-Lim, roi
d'Andariq», JCunStu, Vol. 33, No. 1, 1981.
4- Arkhipov, I., S., «A Retrospective Review of the Letters byYaqqim- Addu, Governor of Saggaratum under Zimri-Lim», Babelund Bibel 7, 2013.
5- Beitzel, B, J., «Isme-Dagan¢s military actions in the Jezirah: Ageographical study”, Iraq, vol.46, No.1, 1984, p.29.)
6- Brigitte Groneberg, Repertoie Deographiqe des texts cuneiforme, Band3, (Wiesbaden, 1980)
7- Birot, M., «Correspondance des gouverneurs de Qattunan», ARM, XXVII, Paris 1993.
8- Birot, M., Lettres de Yaqqim-Addu gouverneur de Sagaratum, Transcrites, Traduites et commentées, ARM,XXIV, Paris, 1974.
9- Birot, M., Simah Ilane, roi du Jorda, RA, Vol.66, No.2, 1972.
10- Bryce, T. (others)., The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Placesof Ancient Western Asia, the near east from the Early bronze age to the fall of the Persian empire, NewYork, 2009.
11- Charpin, D. & Durand, J,M., Le nom antique de Tell Rimah., RA, Vol. 81, No. 2, 1987.
12- Charpin, D., "Les Elamites a Šubat-Enlil", FHE, Paris, 1986.
13- Charpin, D., "Une décollation mystérieuse", NABU, No.3, 1994.
14- Dossin, G., Les Archives épistolaires du Palais de Mari, Syria, T. 19, 1938.
15- Durand, J, M., Les documents épistolaires du palais de Mari, littératures anciennes du proche-Orient, Tome II, Paris 1998.
16-.Edzard, D, O., at la., Repertoire Geographique des texts cuneiforms, k Band 1, Wiesbaden, 1977.
17-Eidem, J., "News from the Eastern front: The evidencefrom Tell Shemshara", Iraq, Vol. 47, 1985.
18- Eidem, J., The Tell Leilan archives 1987, RA, Vol. 85, No. 2, 1991.
19- Heimpel, W., Letters to the king of Mari. Anew Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary, Cambridge, 2003.
20- Jean, C, F., Lettres de Mari, RA, Vol.39, 1942-1944.
21- Jean, C,F. “Excerpta de la correspondance de Mari”, in, RES, T.4,1938.
22- Joannes, F., L'organisation de l'espace en Irak du nord (région du Sinjar) au début du IIème millénaire av. J.-C, in, CCGG, Vol. 3, 1992.
23- Kupper, J, R., Correspondance de Bahdi-Lim, Préfet du palais de Mari, ARM, VI, Paris, 1954.
24- Kupper, J, R., Nouvelles lettres de Mari relatives a Hammurabi de Babylone Ammurabi de Babylone (Communication présentée au XXI Congrès international des Orientalistes, RA,vol. 42, 1948.
25- kupper, J,R., Lettres royales du temps de Zimri-Lim, ARM, XXVIII.
26- Miglio, A, E., Solidarity and Ppolitical authority during the reign of Zimri-Lim (c. 1775-1762 B.C.), Chicago, 2010.
27- Munn-Rankin, J., "Assyrian military power 1300-1200 B.C", In, CAH, Vol.2, Part.2, Cambridg, 1975.
28- Munn-Rankin. J. M., Diplomacy in Western Asia in the Early Second Millennium B.C., in, Iraq, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1956.
29- Pitard, W,T., Is the Area of Apum-Damascus Mentioned in the Mari Archives?, in, BASOR, No. 264, 1986.
30- Pulhan, G., On the Eve of the Dark Age: Qami-Lim's Palace at Tell Leilan, vol.1, Yale university, 2000.
31- Ristvet, L., Settlement, Economy, and Society in the Tell Leilan Region, Syria, 3000-1000 BC., Cambridge., 2005.
32- Rouault, O., Andariq et Atamrum, In, RA, vol. 64,1970.
33- Sanders, A.,Fingerprints, sex, state, and the organization of the Tell Leilan ceramic Industry, in, JAS, vol.57, 2015.
34-Sasson, J, M, Mari themorphism intimation of sacrality in the royal correspondence, In, Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Blahoslav Hruška, edited by Luděk Vacín 2011.
35- Sasson, J, M., "It is for this reason that i have not come down to my lord ..." Visit obligations and vassalpretexts in the Mari archives, in, RA,107, 2013.
36- Sasson, J.M., The King and I a Mari King in Changing Perceptions, in, JAOS, Vol. 118, No. 4, 1998.
37- Sasson.J,M, Casus belli in the Mari Archives, in, Krieg und Frieden im Alten Vorderasien 52e Rencontre Assyriologique International International Congress of Assyriology and Near Eastern ArchaeologyMünster, 17.–21. Juli 2006, Ugarit-Verlag, 2014.
38- Stolper, M., &Carter, W. E., Elam, Surveys of political History and Archaeology, California (1983).
39- Stone, E.C., "Mashkan-Shapir", OEANE,Vol.3, Oxford (1997).
40- Weiss, H& Akkermans, P, Etc., “1985 Excavations at Tell Leilan, Syria”, AJA, Vol. 94, No.4, 1990.
3- المواقع الالکترونیة: http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/MesopotamiaTerqa.htm.
*قائمة الاختصارات: JAOS: Journal of the American Oriental Societ JAS: Journal of Archaeological Science.
JCunStu: Journal of Cuneiform Studie
NABU: Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brfeves et Utilitaires.
OEANE: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeologyin in the Near East.
RA: Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale.
RES: Revue des Etudes semitiques.
| ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 209 PDF Download: 623 |
||||
