أثر حسن النية على الالتزام برد غير المستحق دراسة مقارنة | The effect of good faith on the obligation to refund the undeserved Comparative study | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| مجلة البحوث الفقهية والقانونية | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Article 5, Volume 35, Issue 41, April 2023, Page 221-300 PDF (1.02 MB) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jlr.2023.200067.1191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Author | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
عادل عبدالحميد الفجال 
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| أستاذ القانون الخاص المشارك بكلية الأنظمة والدراسات القضائية الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على أثر حسن النية على الالتزام برد غير المستحق، حيث إن الدفع غير المسـتحق هو عبارة عن الوفـاء بدين غير واجب على من وفاه، ولكنه يعتقد أنه ملزم بالوفاء به، كما تهدف إلى بيان أحكام الموفي له حسن النية والموفي له سيء النية، وما يترتب على كل منها من آثار ولقد توصلت من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج والتي يُعد من أهمها أن مقتضيات حسن النية تقوم على دعائم أخلاقية ثابتة ومبادئ دينية تؤمن بها الجماعة، وتمثل بالنسبة لها مجموعة القيم والمُثل التي تهيمن على تعاملاتها، بجانب أن واقعة الإثراء بلا سبب هي واقعة قانونية نافعة، وهذه الواقعة تُعد مشروعة بحد ذاتها، ولكن الاحتفاظ بالنفع بها هو الذي قد يبدو غير مشروع، فضلاً عن أن رد غير المستحق ما هو إلا تطبيق من تطبيقات الإثراء بلا سبب، ولكنه يتميز عن الإثراء بأن قيمة الافتقار فيه تعادل قيمة الإثراء، فالدافع يفتقر بقيمة ما دفع، والمدفوع له يثري بذات القيمة، كما أن دفـع غير المستحق هو وفاء تـخلف فيه ركـن السبب، وهو أحد شروط صحته القانونية، بوصفه تصرفاً قانونياً، كما لو صدر من ناقص الأهلية، وأخيراً أنه لا محل لرد غير المستحق إذا حـصل الوفاء من غيـر المدين وترتب عليه أن الدائن، وهو حسن النية، قد تجرد مـن سند الدين أو ممـا حصل من التأمينات أو تـرك دعواه تسقط بالتقادم قبل المدين الحقيقي، ويلتزم المدين الحقيقي في هذه الحالة بتعويض الغير الذي قام بالوفاء. | This study aims to shed light on the impact of good faith on the obligation to return the undeserved, as the undeserved payment is the fulfillment of a debt that is not obligatory on the one who paid it, but believes that he is obligated to fulfill it, and it also aims to clarify the provisions of the good faith payer and the payer. C intention, and the consequences of each of them In my research, I followed the inductive and deductive approach in order to reach a solution to the problem of the study, and my use of the inductive approach in research, it appears that I traced the particles that reveal the general principle of the subject, as for my use of the deductive approach, because I relied on the analysis of the general rules of legitimacy, and the general texts The systematization that is related to the research problem, and I tried to implement and apply it, to the issues and the particles that could fall under it. Through this study, I reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the requirements of good faith are based on fixed moral foundations and religious principles that the group believes in, and represent for it a set of values and ideals that dominate its dealings, in addition to the fact that the incident of enrichment without reason is a beneficial legal fact. , and this incident is legitimate in itself, but keeping the benefit is what may seem illegitimate, in addition to the fact that returning the undeserving is only an application of enrichment without reason, but it is distinguished from enrichment in that the value of the lack in it is equivalent to the value of enrichment, the motive lacks the value of enrichment. What has been paid, and the payee is enriched with the same value, and the payment of the undeserved is a fulfillment in which the pillar of reason is missed, and it is one of the conditions for its legal validity, as a legal act, as if it was issued by a person who is incompetent, and finally, there is no place for restitution of the undeserved if the fulfillment occurred from someone other than The debtor and as a consequence the creditor, who is in good faith, may be stripped of the debt bond or what has been secured from the bonds, or he let his claim expire by prescription before the real debtor, and the real debtor is obligated in this case to compensate the third party who has fulfilled the payment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Keywords | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| الالتزام; رد غير المستحق; حُسن النية; سُوء النية; الإثراء بلا سبب; Commitment; Undeserved Response; Good Well; Bad Intentions; Get Rich For No Reason | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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