Carboxymethylation, Characterization and Potential Application of Sorghum (Bicolar) Starch in Pharmaceutical Formulations | ||||
| Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Chemistry | ||||
| Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2022, Page 31-38 PDF (1.21 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.18576/jpac/080301 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| Saidu Fika Ibrahim* 1; Adeyanju O* 2; T. Dirikebamor S* 2; M. Dalyop G* 2; C. Okafor D* 3; O. Asaju S* 4 | ||||
| 1Department of Geoscience, Mineral and Water Resources. Federal Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jos, Nigeria | ||||
| 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria | ||||
| 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria | ||||
| 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos. Nigeria | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The work presented herein discusses the carboxymethylation of sorghum starch which improved its physicochemical properties for a potential pharmaceutical application as an excipient in tablet formulations. Sorghum (sorghum bicolor) starch was extracted from sorghum cereal using 0.075% (w/v) sodium metabisulphite and it gave a yield of about 80.4% on dry weight basis. The starch was chemically modified via carboxymethylation and characterized. SEM of the native starch showed irregular shape while the modified starch has regular shape and fibrous long distort shape.The X-ray Diffractogram revealed that the native and modified starches are completely amorphous in nature.The major functional groups in the native starch were 1736cm-1 (C=O), 1625cm-1 (-COO-), 1427cm-1 (-COO-), 1227cm-1 (-C=O-), 1162cm-1 (C-O stretching and C-H stretching).During carboxymethylation there were introduction of new functional groups, 1800-1500cm-1 (-COO-) and 1606-1632cm-1 (OCH2COONa) respectively.The physicochemical properties investigated includes:The moisture content was obtained for the Native Starch (NVS) (5.46±0.00), and Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) (5.23±0.00). Overall the moisture content of the starch (unmodified and modified) compared favourably with the minimum standard ≤ 15% for good quality starch. The pH of NVS is (7.00±0.01), CMS (6.64±0.02). They are all similar to maize starch. Relative viscosity of NVS is (1.70±0.08), CMS (2.30±0.08). Water holding capacity was obtained for NVS (28.35±0.20), CMS (39.35±0.20). Modified starch improved in water holding capacity.These physicochemical analyses have shown that modification improved the physical nature of the native starch.The flow properties of the granules show low angles of repose, high flow rate due to lower cohesive forces, hence good flow and better tabletting properties. The tablets were evaluated for quality control such as weight, friability, crushing strength, diameter, thickness, disintegration, in vitro dissolution, and drug excipient interactions. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Keywords: Starch; carboxymethylation; SEM; XRD; FTIR; Excipient | ||||
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