EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS
Abdel Baset, N., alshamrani, F. (2023). EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS. EKB Journal Management System, 13(4), 43-53. doi: 10.21608/idj.2023.207743.1073
Nermin Abdel Rahman Abdel Baset; fatimah Ahmed alshamrani. "EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS". EKB Journal Management System, 13, 4, 2023, 43-53. doi: 10.21608/idj.2023.207743.1073
Abdel Baset, N., alshamrani, F. (2023). 'EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS', EKB Journal Management System, 13(4), pp. 43-53. doi: 10.21608/idj.2023.207743.1073
Abdel Baset, N., alshamrani, F. EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS. EKB Journal Management System, 2023; 13(4): 43-53. doi: 10.21608/idj.2023.207743.1073

EMPLOYING WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING DIGITAL BAGS TO ACHIEVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PILGRIMS

International Design Journal
Article 3, Volume 13, Issue 4, July and August 2023, Page 43-53  XML PDF (960.94 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/idj.2023.207743.1073
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Authors
Nermin Abdel Rahman Abdel Baset1; fatimah Ahmed alshamrani email orcid 2
1Professor, Department of Fashion and Textile, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah
2PhD student, Fashion Design, College of Art and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, falshamrani0054@stu.kau.edu.sa
Abstract
Mecca occupies a significant religious position even before the advent of Islam, as it hosts the Kaaba inside the Holy Mosque. Mecca has long been a destination for pilgrims to perform the Hajj (Al-Matrafi, 2021). Hajj is a religious obligation that is obligatory once in a lifetime for every sane adult Muslim who can afford it, while Umrah is an act of worship related to Hajj, and it is often described as the lesser Hajj. However, both Hajj and Umrah must be performed at the Holy Mosque (Muneeza & Mustapha, 2021). It is one of the largest annual religious gatherings in the world which takes place from the eighth to the twelfth of the month of Dhul-Hijjah, of the Islamic calendar. On the other hand, Umrah can be performed at any time of the year
Umrah is one of the factors of real and comprehensive economic development for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as it has become one of the most important drives of the comprehensive flow of private financial resources. Among the benefits of Umrah is the engagement with global cultures, as well as the active participation in stimulating economic activity and being one of the axes of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which aims at enabling about (30) million Umrah pilgrims by 2030. Besides, according to the statistical indicators of the Umrah sector in the Kingdom, Madinah is visited annually by (11) million visitors from inside and outside the Kingdom (Seasonal Bulletin of the Chamber of Commerce, Madinah, 1439 AH) (Al-Harbi, 2021).
The Hajj includes many rituals that must be performed in various places in a certain chronological order. It begins with the intention for Hajj and then wearing Ihram clothing (Shafi et la, 2016), and ends with the farewell circumambulation around the Kaaba (Tawaf al-wada’a) and the departure from Mecca. During this sacred journey (Khan & Shambour, 2021) and considering the fact that Hajj is the most crowded gathering of Muslims, and since it has unique characteristics with regard to the people who attend it (i.e., Hajj pilgrims), the place where they meet, and the rituals they perform, these characteristics pose a set of challenges for officials regarding controlling the crowd and identifying pilgrims’ identities. What makes the situation more difficult is that pilgrims wear similar clothing and perform identical rituals collectively (Muneeza & Mustapha, 2021), so efforts are exerted in order to achieve the directions of the Kingdom’s vision 2030, in line with the “Guests of Rahman (pilgrims)” program, which is one of the Kingdom programs to make a qualitative shift in the service of pilgrims, aiming to enrich the religious and cultural experience of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims (Mlibari, 2021).
  As indicated in the study done by khan & Shambour (2021), many governments, companies and individuals provide numerous services and facilities to overcome the difficulties that pilgrims may face. And as recommended by Al-Sharif (2021), there is a need to take advantage of modern technology to facilitate the pilgrims during the various rituals, especially when losing their official documents. consequently, the two researchers were keen to review the studies and research related to the current study, to build bases aimed at improving the experience of the pilgrims on their spiritual journey. Therefore, and in the interest of developing the Hajj and Umrah industry led by the government of HH the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques towards serving the pilgrims and proceeding from the Kingdom’s vision 2030 to prepare to serve the pilgrims, and the national transformation initiatives 2020 (Al-Khelawi, 2017), the two researchers conducted this study.
Hence the desire of the two researchers to serve the Hajj and Umrah pilgrims through designing an artistic product (smart bag) that performs a utilitarian function by making use of the science of ergonomics. Because there is a shortage of smart bags for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims while performing the rituals, and since most of the bags available in the market do not focus on the needs of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, the two researchers see the significance of studying the consideration of the safety factor during the design of Hajj and Umrah bags. On the other hand, the results of the study done by Shambour & Khan (2021) showed a relative weakness in research studies and quotes related to the Two Holy Mosques and the Holy Sites compared to other branches of science. Accordingly, the study problem can be identified in the following questions: What are the statistically significant differences between the patterns of smart bags designed to achieve safety, according to the opinions of specialists? What are the statistically significant differences between the patterns of smart bags designed to achieve safety, according to the opinions of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims?
Objectives of the study: Design of digital bags that comply with the safety requirements of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. Determination of the differences between specialists in achieving smart bag patterns designed for safety. Determination of the differences between Hajj and Umrah pilgrims in accepting the proposed designs for smart bags.
Importance of the study:  Strengthening interest in Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, in line with the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030 by providing the finest services to Hajj pilgrims, from their arrival in the Kingdom until their departure to their country after God blessed them to perform their rituals with ease and tranquility.
Design of the study: The two researchers adopted the pragmatic philosophy for its relevance to the research objectives, and the mixed research methodology, in order to reach a deeper understanding of the study population. This information will help the two researchers in formulating questions related to the research tools. In this methodology, the two researchers used the simultaneous embed design to reach a better understanding of the research questions, objectives, and theories that guided the course of the study. The methods of this study include the data collection tools used by the researchers, and methods of data analysis and processing, in addition to the methods of drawing conclusions that the researchers suggest using in the study.
Population and sample of the study: Population of the study is composed of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims for the Hajj season (1442 AH). It was determined based on the study's objective, which is to design bags that comply with the safety requirements of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. The sample in the current study consists of an intentional sample of (301) Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. The sample size was chosen according to the statistical equation to calculate the sample size with a confidence interval of 5.6% and a confidence level of 95%. The electronic questionnaire was distributed through campaigns for the services of domestic pilgrims.
Results: Based on the study and analysis conducted, the most important results of the study can be summarized as follows: The results showed that there are differences between the six proposed designs for the smart bags in safety, according to the opinions of specialists, as the value of (D) was (33.538), which is a statistically significant value at the level of (0.01). So, we find that the "first" design was the best designs in achieving safety. Thus, the fifth hypothesis is true. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the six proposed designs for the smart bags at a significance level of (0.01). So, we find that the "first" design was the best design, according to the opinions of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. Thus, the eighth hypothesis is true.
Keywords
Safety; Hajj and Umrah bags; wearable technology
Supplementary Files
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