الابتزاز الإلكتروني بين التجريم والعقاب في الفقه الإسلامي | ||||
| مجلة الشريعة والقانون بالقاهرة | ||||
| Volume 41, Issue 41, April 2023, Page 425-506 PDF (2.31 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mawq.2023.299434 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
| هالة عبد المحسن شتا | ||||
| قسم الفقه, كلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات, جامعة الأزهر, القاهرة, مصر. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| لما كان الابتزاز الإلكتروني من صور التعدي والانتهاك للحقوق؛ مست الحاجة إلى بيان ماهيته، وأركانه، وأسبابه، وأنواعه، وبيان الحكم التكليفي للابتزاز الإلكتروني، وبيان صوره في صون حرمة الحياة الخاصة، لما يشتمل عليه من أخذ مال المبتز منه بغير حق، وترويع الإنسان بالابتزاز، والخوض في الأعراض بالصور الخليعة التي ينشرها المبتز للشخص المبتز منه في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، سواء أكانت الصور حقيقية أو افتراء وكذبًا, وبيان عقوبة الابتزاز المترتبة على القتل بسبب القتل بالابتزاز, وكذا بيان حكم الابتزاز إذا لم يترتب عليه قتل، بل ترتب عليه قذف، وتشهير، وترويع مسلم، وأخذ ماله. وقد اتبعت في هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي الاستنباطي المقارن وذلك بتتبع أقوال الفقهاء المتعلقة بالموضوع، والدراسات السابقة، ثم عرضت المسألة، وتتبعت آراء الفقهاء، مع الاستدلال والمناقشة، والترجيح، واستنباط وجه الدلالة، بالإضافة إلى المنهج العلمي المتبع في كتابة البحوث، كعزو الآيات، وتخريج الأحاديث، وتوثيق الآراء. وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج من أبرزها: أن الابتزاز الإلكتروني هو التهديد بأي نوع من أنواع الضرر النفسي أو الجسدي. وأن ضعف الوازع الديني مع الإعلام غير الهادف بالإضافة إلى التفكك الأسري وسوء استخدام التقنية الحديثة أشهر أسباب الابتزاز الالكتروني, وأن الابتزاز الالكتروني جريمة منكرة محرمة, وعقوبته تختلف حسب ما يترتب عليه فإن ترتب عليه القتل كانت العقوبة القصاص أو الدية, وإن ترتب عليه قذف وجب الحد وما كان دون القذف كالتشهير، والترويع ففيه التعزير. E-extortion from transgression and violation of rights; The need arose for a statement of what it is, its elements, causes and types, a statement of judgment in charge of electronic extortion, a statement of its pictures in respect of the sanctity of private life, for what it includes in taking money from unrightfully extorted, terrorizing the human being by extortion, and addressing the symptoms through the pornographic images published by the extortionist on social media, whether they are real or slander and lies, and a statement of the punishment for extortion resulting from murder by extortion, as well as a statement of the extortion ruling if it does not result in killing, but rather in slandering, defamation, terrorizing a Muslim, and taking his money. In this research, I followed the comparative inductive method by following the statements of scholars on the subject and the previous studies, and then I introduced the issue and traced the opinions of scholars with reasoning, discussion, weighting and deducing the meaning, in addition to the scientific method followed in writing the research, such as attribution of verses, graduation of conversations and documentation of opinions. The research found that e-extortion is the threat of any kind of psychological or physical harm. And that the weakness of the religious authorities with the meaningless media, in addition to family disintegration and the misuse of modern technology, are the most famous reasons for electronic blackmail, and that electronic blackmail is a forbidden heinous crime. The punishment for it will vary according to what it entails. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| الابتزاز الإلكتروني; القتل بالسبب; القصاص; الدية; التعزير. E-extortion; Cause Murder; Retribution; Blood; Booking | ||||
| References | ||||
|
أولًا: القرآن الكريم.
ثانيًا: كتب التفسير وعلوم القرآن.
ثالثًا: كتب الحديث وعلومه.
رابعًا: كتب الفقه.
أ- كتب الفقه الحنفي:
ب- الفقه المالكي:
ج- كتب الفقه الشافعي:
د- كتب الفقه الحنبلي:
هـ- كتب الفقه الظاهري:
ن- كتب الفقه الزيدي:
و- كتب الفقه الإمامي:
ي- كتب الفقه الإباضي:
خامسًا: كتب الأصول والقواعد الفقهية.
سادسًا: كتب اللغة.
سابعًا: الكتب الحديثة
ثامنًا: المواقع الإلكترونية.
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112- Masoud Ben Omar Al-Tafazani (dead 793H) T: Sabih Library - Egypt, DTT, DDT.
113- Islamic jurisprudence: Abdel Wahab Khallaf (deceased 1375 A.H.), Al-Daawa Library-Shabab Al-Azhar, 8th edition of Dar Al-Qalam.
114- Al-Munthir fi al-Qaedi: Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Bahadur al-Zarkshi (dead 794H) T: The Kuwaiti Ministry of Religious Endowments, second edition 1405H/1985.
115- Approvals: Ibrahim ibn Musa, famous as Shatbi (deceased 970h) Investigation: Abu Ubaidah Mashhur, first edition 1417h/1997.
Sixth: Language books.
116- Disclosure of the meanings of the Truth: Yahya Bin Hubaira Bin Mohammed Al-Shabani (deceased 560H) Investigation: Fouad Abd Al-Munim. A: Al-Watan House 1417 A.H.
117- Bride's Crown: Mohammed Bin Abd Al-Razzaq, aka Morteza Al-Zubaidi (deceased 1205H) T: House of Proselytizing.
118- Definitions for Al-Jarjani (dead 816H): Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamieh - Beirut - Lebanon, first edition 1403H/1983.
119- Refining the Language: Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Azhari Al-Harawi (dead 370H), Investigation: Muhammad Awad, I: The House of the Revival of Arab Heritage - Beirut, first edition 2001.
120- The Arabic language: Mohammad Bin Makram Bin Manzoor (deceased 711H) A: Dar Al-Maarif.
121- Mukhtar Al-Sahhah: Mohammed Bin Abi Bakr Al-Hanafi Al-Razi (dead 666H) Investigation: Yousef Al-Sheik, T: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Maassar - Beirut - Lebanon, first edition 1420H/1999.
122- Lamp Al-Munir: Ahmed bin Mohamed Al-Fayoumi (dead 770H) T: Science Library - Beirut.
123- Mohammed Bin Abi Al-Fatah (Dead 709H) Investigation: Mohammed Bashir, T: Islamic Bureau - Beirut 1401H/1981.
124- Al-Dakhil's Dictionary of Modern Arabic and Its Dialects: F. Abdul Rahim, T: Dar al-Qalam - Damascus, first edition 1432 A.H./2011.
125- The Pioneer's Dictionary: Gibran Massoud, The Golden Comprehensive.
126- Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic: Dr. Ahmed Mokhtar Omar (Deceased 1424H) I: The World of Books, first edition 1429H/2008.
127- Lexicon of the Language of Jurists: Muhammad Ruas Qalaaji and Hamid Sadeq Qunaibi, T: Dar Al-Nafis, second edition 1408 A.H./1988.
128- Dictionary of the language: Ahmad Reda, T: Dar Al-Hayat Library - Beirut 1371 AH.
129- Singer's Dictionary: Abdul Ghani Abu al-Azm, Golden Comprehensive.
130- Medium lexicographer: Arabic Language Academy in Cairo (Ibrahim Mustafa, Ahmed Al-Zayyat, Hamed Abdel Qader, Mohamed Al-Naggar) T: Dar Al-Dawa, D.T.
131- Language standards: Ahmed bin Faris Al-Qazwini (dead 395H) Investigation: Abdul Salam Haroun, I: Dar Al-Fikr 1399 A.H./1979 A.D.
Modern books
132- Extortion Definition - Types - Causes - Treatment: Abdul Karim Al Rabah, Wajdi Al Harbi and Hassan Bin Khalid Al Mardas, Department of Hisba, Umm Al Qura University 1430H (unpublished research).
133- Research Seminar on Blackmail (Concept - Causes - Treatment) Research Center for Women's Studies - Riyadh, first edition 1432H.
134- The crime of extortion is a comparative doctrinal study: Mohammad bin Abdul Mohsen Shalhoub, Higher Institute of the Judiciary, Department of Sharia Policy - Department of Systems 1432 AH
135- The Penal Code explained the special section: Mahmoud Naguib Hosni, T: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiyya - Cairo, 6th edition 1989.
136- Encyclopedia of Unanimity in Islamic Jurisprudence: Dr. Osama Al-Qahtan and D. Ali Al-Khudairi, T: Dar Al-Fadila 1433 A.H./2012.
Eighth: Websites.
137- Forums - Eve's World.
138- Al-Masry Al-Youm almasrealyum.com. | ||||
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