RETROSPECTIVE ENDEMICITY OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AFFECTING CATTLE IN EGYPT FROM 2006 TO 2018 | ||||
| Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association | ||||
| Volume 80, Issue 2, December 2020, Page 175-191 PDF (460.06 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Research Articles | ||||
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| Abstract | ||||
| Infectious diseases of livestock are a major threat for global animal health and welfare. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is on the A list of infectious diseases of animals that attacked the Egyptian cattle farms during the last years and resulted in high mortality rate in both young and adult cattle. The present work was conducted to evaluate the current status of most common endemic diseases affecting Cattle in Egypt (FMD) and to find out the causes of its endemicity and risk factors associated with the disease in Egypt in the period starting from 2006 to 2018. A structured questionnaire was established for collecting primary data through a field survey of cattle farms throughout Egypt in 21 government. Primary data were collected through examining 1197cattle during the period December- January, 2017 in a previously designed questionnaire which revealed that only 215 cattle representing 18% of total cattle number only manifested clinical signs. The highest prevalence rate 52.3% was recorded in Gharbia, Luxor 50%, Al Bahareh 48%, Al qalyubiyah (31.2%). The most isolated serotype Orepresented high percentage in Al Bahareh, Ad Daqahliya, Bani suif, and Kafr-el-shaykh also Serotype O predominated with recorded higher number of the three circulating FMD serotypes in investigated (21) governorates, (238 out of 531). The isolated serotypes (44.82%). The highest Prevalence rate of FMD in investigated 21 governorates was recorded in spring 93.3%, while the lowest was in winter (14.5%.) Egypt owned 273 animal markets, not a systematic distributed all over the country. Results showed that animal markets close to the farms increased clinically manifested FMD cases significantly (P ≤0.01), also when farmers' visited animal markets FMD cases were significantly impacted (P ≤ 0.003*) Prevalence rate 96%. The possible sources of disease transmission (markets,) increases FMD cases significantly ((P ≤0.03*) up to Prevalence 74%. Farmers kept their animals outside the farms in the open-air all over the day increased significantly Prevalence rate (P0.03*) 77.2%. Moreover, using tap water and non-grazing increased significantly FMD prevalence. Mixed food and rearing spp.Did not significantly affected disease prevalence .The absence of animal isolation, sharing instruments, absence of personnel hygiene and farm periodic cleaning, improper carcasses disposing of were significantly increased FMD prevalence in smallholder arms as well as two farms with large numbers of animals. Lack of awareness about vaccination increased Prevalence rate significantly. Non-significant differences were recorded in Prevalence rate within ages (less than 2 years and more than two years as well, in different types of production (dairy and fattening). Secondary study the total positive FMD notified outbreaks by (Wahis OIE) during 2006-2018 reached 531. In 2006 notification reached 30 outbreaks followed by 6 years of low numbers of notifications. The highest total Prevalence rate of 45% was for serotype O during the study period and predominated during 2014- 2017. Serotype A was the lowest total Prevalence rate 18%. Serotype SAT2 emerged in 2012 and prevalent in 2012, 2014, and 2018. Delta region showed the highest 337 confirmed epidemiological unit out of 531 (83.47%). The highest recorded outbreaks were in spring 213 followed by winter 203 and the lowest was in summer 46. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Biosecurity; Endemicity; Epidemiological unit; FMD; Prevalence; Risk factors | ||||
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