القواعد الفقهية الحاكمة للعقود الإلكترونية | ||||
مجلة کلية الدراسات الإسلامية بنين بأسوان | ||||
Volume 6, Issue 6 - Serial Number 1, July 2023, Page 831-873 PDF (820.94 K) | ||||
Document Type: Original Article | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/fisb.2023.306989 | ||||
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Author | ||||
صالح بن سعد الكريديس الكريديس ![]() | ||||
قسم الفقه وأصوله، كلية الملك خالد العسكرية بالحرس الوطني، المملكة العربية السعودية. | ||||
Abstract | ||||
ملخص البحث: ظهر حديثا نوع جديد من العقود المعروفة بالعقود الإلكترونية التي توقع بين طرفين عبر شبكة الإنترنت ، فمن الضروري التعريف بهذا النوع من العقود وتوضيح القواعد الفقهية الضابطة لها ,فالعقد الإلكتروني: "ارتباط إيجاب وقبول بوسيلة إلكترونية على وجه مشروع يظهر أثره في محله"، وهذه العقود تتم عبر وسائط إلكترونية، يقوم فيها الحاسب الآلي بالدور الأكبر من حيث ترتيب إجراءات التعاقد وتنفيذها، ويقوم كل واحد من أطراف العقد أو من ينوب عنه بالإيجاب أو القبول نيابة عن الشخص أو الجهة التي يتبعها، والقواعد الفقهية الحاكمة للعقود الإلكترونية: التراضي، والعبرة بالمقاصد والمعاني، والجواز، والوسائل لها أحكام المقاصد، والحاجة تنزل منزلة الضرورة ، والكتاب كالخطاب. ولقد استخدم الباحث في بحثه المنهج الاستقرائي. ومن النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث: أن القاعدة الفقهية قضية كلية شرعية عملية، يتعرف منها أحكام جزئياتها، والقاعدة الفقهية مصدر مشروع لمعرفة حكم الوقائع التي لا نص فيها، وأما العقد الإلكتروني فهو ارتباط إيجاب بقبول بوسيلة إلكترونية على وجه مشروع يظهر أثره في محله، من المعلوم أن مما تتم به العقود اللفظ والكتابة، والكتابة ملحقة بالقول في الحكم، فكما أن العقود تصح بالقول، فكذلك تصح بالكتابة، وقد اتفق الفقهاء في الجملة على صحّة العقود والتصرفات بالكتابة وأن الإيجاب والقبول يتم بها على خلاف بينهم في بعض الشروط، وبناء على ذلك تصح العقود الإلكترونية؛ لكونها قائمة على وسيلة الكتابة، والكتاب كالخطاب. والخلاصة: أن العقد الإلكتروني له حكم العقد اللفظي فضلاً عن العقد الكتابي. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
القاعدة; الفقهية; العقد; الإلكتروني; الانترنت | ||||
References | ||||
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