Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Histoplasma capsulatum in patients with pulmonary infection in Northern Nigeria

Rabiah, Osumah Orchewa; DOKO, Muhammad Hassan Isa; Olonitola, Steven Olayeni; Yahaya, Ocholi Yahaya; Hussain, Yahaya UNGOKORE Hussain; Olayinka, Busayo Olalekan

doi:10.21608/mid.2023.216101.1537

	Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Histoplasma capsulatum in patients with pulmonary infection in Northern Nigeria
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 39, Volume 5, Issue 2, May 2024, Page 822-833 PDF (1.09 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2023.216101.1537
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Authors
Osumah Orchewa Rabiah ¹; Muhammad Hassan Isa DOKO ²; Steven Olayeni Olonitola ³; Ocholi Yahaya Yahaya ⁴; Yahaya UNGOKORE Hussain Hussain⁵; Busayo Olalekan Olayinka ⁶
¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Life Sciences P.M.B 1154 university of Benin, Benin City, Edo State
²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
³Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria
⁴department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University. Zaria Nigeria
⁵Department of pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University.Sokoto State
⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, a dimorphic fungal disease. The study aimed at determining prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Histoplasma capsulatum among patients with pulmonary infection in Northern Nigeria. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional and hospital-based study. Samples were collected from patients and questionnaires were administered. Three hundred and twenty-two sputum samples were collected and analysed with standard microbiological methods. The use of lactophenol cotton blue dye, revealed the presence of yeast like cells. Varieties differentiation was done by urease test. Sociodemographic and risk factors associated with histoplasmosis were determined by administering questionnaires to participants. Antifungal E-test strips were used to determine the susceptibility and data analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 at 5% significance level. Results: Histoplasma var. duboisii was isolated with 18(5.59 %) prevalence. Geriatric age (12.5 %), had the highest prevalence among the age groups in the study. Males (8.07 %), having high prevalence than females (3.10 %). The married and Civil servants had 6.25 %, and 8.69 % prevalence respectively and statistically associated with histoplasmosis. The immunocompromised and traders among the risk factors considered in the study, has an odd ratio of 1.026 and 1.060. Amphotericin B was most effective in this study. Conclusion: Histoplasmosis mimics tuberculosis in clinical presentations, hence, should be diagnosed alongside tuberculosis infection before commencement of therapy, awareness campaign, public policy should be made by the government on its presence and how to tackle the disease alongside AIDS and Tuberculosis.
Keywords
Antifungal agent; E-test antifungal strip; Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii; Histoplasmosis


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