The Circulating Levels of Retinoic Acid are reduced in Allergic Rhinitis: Correlation with Serum IL-4/INF-γ Ratio and Comorbidities | ||||
| Suez Canal University Medical Journal | ||||
| Article 11, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 2023, Page 0-0 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/scumj.2023.308706 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
Abdullah N. Al-Rasheedi  
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| Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important immunopathogenic role in allergic rhinitis (AR). Retinoic acid (RA) controls immune and mucosal cell differentiation, function, and fate critical in adaptive immune tolerance. Objective: We assessed variation in serum RA in correlation with AR patients' and disease characteristics as a potential pathogenic and biomarker effector. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 147 adults hospital-diagnosed AR patients and 33 matched healthy controls. Serum RA (in ng/mL) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (in pg/mL each), to confirm AR diagnosis, were assessed with quantitative specific ELISA assays. Results: Patients showed cytokine profile of Th0/2 cells with a ratio that was higher compared to controls (p <0.001) due mainly to higher INF-γ content (213 ± 215.8 vs. 107.9 ± 94.52 pg/mL; p <0.01). RA levels were reduced in patients compared to controls (1.799 ± 1.174 vs. 4.056 ± 4.994; p <0.015). Patients with Th2 reaction had higher RA than those with Th0 reaction (p <0.015). The presence of nasal polyps caused a further reduction in RA and IFN-γ levels than those without polyps (P γ, IL-4/INF-γ ratio and RA were significantly able to differentiate AR patients from a healthy control. Conclusion: The significant reduction in circulating levels of RA highlights its role in AR pathogenesis and comorbidities and its potential therapeutic utility in AR. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Allergic rhinitis; retinoic Acid; interleukin 4; interferon-γ; obstructive sleep apnea; nasal polyposis | ||||
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