Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence
Emmanuel, B., Akinnawo, A., Ishaq, A., Onuh, K., Ogunmoye, O., Ofeh, A., Godwin, F., Afolayan, F., Alao, U., Idris-Saeed, Z., David, S. (2024). Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence. EKB Journal Management System, 5(1), 101-112. doi: 10.21608/mid.2023.223619.1568
Blessing Nkechi Emmanuel; Ayobami Sunday Akinnawo; Abubakar Nuhu Ishaq; Kingsley Onuh; Oyewumi Akin Ogunmoye; Augustine Seun Ofeh; Faith Godwin; Faidat Abimbola Afolayan; Uthman Hassan Alao; Zubeda Oyiza Idris-Saeed; Success Chekwubechukwu David. "Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence". EKB Journal Management System, 5, 1, 2024, 101-112. doi: 10.21608/mid.2023.223619.1568
Emmanuel, B., Akinnawo, A., Ishaq, A., Onuh, K., Ogunmoye, O., Ofeh, A., Godwin, F., Afolayan, F., Alao, U., Idris-Saeed, Z., David, S. (2024). 'Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence', EKB Journal Management System, 5(1), pp. 101-112. doi: 10.21608/mid.2023.223619.1568
Emmanuel, B., Akinnawo, A., Ishaq, A., Onuh, K., Ogunmoye, O., Ofeh, A., Godwin, F., Afolayan, F., Alao, U., Idris-Saeed, Z., David, S. Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence. EKB Journal Management System, 2024; 5(1): 101-112. doi: 10.21608/mid.2023.223619.1568

Human infection caused by the avian influenza type A virus: A comprehensive update on its pathogenesis and recommendation for future re-occurrence

Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 12, Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2024, Page 101-112  XML PDF (648.68 K)
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2023.223619.1568
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Authors
Blessing Nkechi Emmanuel email orcid 1; Ayobami Sunday Akinnawoorcid 2; Abubakar Nuhu Ishaq3; Kingsley Onuh4; Oyewumi Akin Ogunmoye5; Augustine Seun Ofeh6; Faith Godwinorcid 7; Faidat Abimbola Afolayan8; Uthman Hassan Alao9; Zubeda Oyiza Idris-Saeed10; Success Chekwubechukwu David11
1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 06, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
4Department of Biotechnology, Nigeria Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
5Department of Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
6Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, P.M.B 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
7Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
8Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
9Department of Biomedical laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
10Faculty of College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
11Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of the avian influenza virus in humans, particularly the A (H5) sub-types, have persistently presented a substantial danger to human well-being. Interestingly, the avian influenza virus has remained important despite various studies on the mechanism of inter-species transmission. In part, this is due to the insufficient understanding of the virus’ pathogenesis, the diagnostic challenges, and the limited knowledge about the virus’ genetic makeup, which enables it to keep evolving. Given the devastating nature of this disease and the possibility of the virus triggering a pandemic, this review aims to evaluate the current strains of Type A (H5) avian influenza virus, to better understand the mechanism of its interactions with humans, and to address critical questions related to its epidemiology. We further explored the factors contributing to the severity of the infection, which may improve the diagnosis and therapeutic options employed in the treatment of this disease.
Keywords
Avian influenza; pathogenesis; diagnosis; zoonotic; human infection
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